Ishusho y'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi ritapfuvye mu myaka 70 iheze

  • Na BBC Africa Visual Journalism Team
  • Afrika

Incuro hafi 130 z'itembagazwa ry’ubutegetsi mu bihugu 36 vyo muri Afrika kuva 1952 igihe Umwami Farouk wa Misiri yaba indongozi ya mbere ya Afrika ikombowe.

Abategetsi ba Afrika batembagajwe

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Igihuhusi gishasha

Afrika yabayemwo incuro umunani z'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi mu myaka itatu iheze. Iki gihuhusi c'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi gikurikiye ikiringo c'aho ivy'aho igisirikare cifatira ubutegetsi vyari vyagabanutse mu myaka 20 gushika mu 2020, inyuma yo kuba vyinshi mu myaka ya 1970.

Akazi k'ubuzima bwose

Bamwe mu bategetsi bafata ubutegetsi barabumarako imyaka mirongo mu gihe abandi baza kubogozwa haciye imisi mike gusa babushitseko

Akarorero, Perezida Teodoro Obiang Nguema wa Guinée Equatoriale arongoye igihugu imyaka 44 kuva afashe ubutegetsi mu 1979.

Ni we mutegetsi wa mbere muri Afrika amaze igihe kirekire ku butegetsi

Abategetsi bagarutse inyuma yo kubogozwa

Umukanda w'amacoups d'Etat

Hafi ibihugu vyose vya Sahel vyarabayemwo ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi rikozwe n'igisirikare. Urukurikirane rw'iziheruka rwataziriwe umukanda w'amacoups d'Etat, rwabaye muri Niger na Gabon mu 2023.

Abategetsi ba gisirikare barafashe ubutegetsi kandi muri Mali mu 2020 na 2021, no muri Tchad, Guinée na Sudani mu 2021. Burkina Faso nayo nyene habaye itambagazwa ry'ubutegetsi incuro zibiri mu 2022. Ibi bihugu vyose, havuyemwo Sudani, vyahoze bitwara gikoloni n'Ubufaransa

Kuva mu 2000, bitatu vya bibiri (19 kuri 26) vy'ama coups d'Etat yabaye kandi agakunda muri Afrika yabaye mu bihugu vyahoze bitwarwa gikoloni n'Ubufaransa. Ibi vyatumye bamwe babona ko ikibanza Ubufaransa bufise muri Afrika gifise uruhara rwo guteza umudugararo..

Itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi ryakunze muri Afrika kuva mu 1952

Hitamwo igihugu

Igitigiri c'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi

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Ibihugu vyinshi vyo muri Afrika yo hagati n'uburengero vyaranzwemwo itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi incuro zitari nke. Hafi igice c'ibihugu 17 vyabayemwo itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi ncuro nibura zine zigakunda ari ivyo muri Afrika y'uburengero.

Burkina Faso ni yo ifise igitigiri kinini c'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi muri Afrika, umunani, igakurikirwa na Sierra Leone hamwe na Uganda, kimwe kimwe incuro indwi.

Ica gatatu conyene c'ibihugu vya Afrika, hafi vyose vyo muri Afrika y'ubuseruko n'ubumanuko, ni vyo bitigeze bibamwo itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi

Ku myaka 34 gushika mu 2024, Ibrahim Traoré ini we mukuru w'igihugu wa mbere kw'isi akiri muto. Yabaye umukuru w'igihugu mfatakibanza wa Burkina Faso inyuma y'aho igisirikare gifatiye ubutegetsi ku wa 30 Nyakanga (9) 2022, gikombora umukuru w'igihugu mfatakibanza Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.

Aho igisirikare cafashe ubutegtsi

Hafi 90 % vy'ama coups d'Etats yakunze yakozwe n'igisirikare hagakurikira ayakozwe n'abacangero ku rugero rwa 4%. Mu yandi ma coups d'Etat muri Afrika harimwo ayakozwe n'abanyagihugu bigumuye, ibihugu vy'ibikoroni, inyeshamba n'abegereye ibirimba.

Baho ukoresheje inkota, wicwe n'inkota

Benshi mu bategetsi bafashe ubutegetsi babanje gutembagaza ubuhari nabo baruhira gukomborwa rimwe na rimwe bakicwa.

Mu 1972 Jenerali Ignatius Kutu Acheampong yarongoye ikomborwa ry'umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Ghana yari yatowe mu nzira ya demokarasi Dr Kofi Busia. Haciye imyaka itandatu, yarabogojwe n'abegereye ikirimba hanyuma anyongwa n'umurwi w'abasirikare ujejwe kunyongwa haciye hafi umwaka.

Thomas Sankara yabaye umukuru w'igihugu ca Burkina Faso mu 1983 inyuma y'ikomborwa ryakozwe kw'izina ryiwe igihe we yari apfunzwe. Ku wa 15 Gitugutu (10) 1987, Sankara yarishwe n'umurwi witwaje ibirwanisho mw'ikomborwa ryari rirongowe n'uwamusubiriye Blaise Compaoré.

Gaafar Nimeiry yakomboye umukuru w'igihugu ca Sudani Ismail al-Azhari mu 1969 afata ubutegetsi, ubwa mbere nk'umukuru w'umurwi w'abasirikare bagumutse, hanyuma nk'umukuru w'igihugu imbere yo gukomborwa mu1985.

Jean-Baptiste Bagaza yakomboye umukuru w'igihugu w'Uburundi Michel Micombero mu 1976 hanyuma afata ubutegetsi. Haciye imyaka 11 na we yarakombowe aca aba mu buhungiro.

Omar al-Bashir yashitse ku butegetsi mu 1989 igihe, nka Jenerali de Birigade mu gisirikare ca Sudani, yarongoye umurwi w'intwazangabo mw'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi ryakomboye reta yari yatowe n'abanyagihugu. Yarongoye igihugu ku mazina atandukanye kuva 1989 gushika 2019, igihe akomborewe.

François Bozizé Yangouvonda yafashe ubutegetsi mu 2003 aba umukuru w'igihugu ca Centrafrique agira gatandatu. Yabogojwe inyuma y'imyaka cumi.

Kubugumiza mu minwe y'umuryango

Gufata ubutegetsi ni umuco w'umuryango mu bihugu bimwe bimwe. Perezida Francisco Macías Nguema wa Guinée équatoriale yakombowe n'umwishwa wiwe, Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, mw'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi ryasheshe amaraso mu 1979. Teodoro yaramukurikiye. Gushika mu 2024, ni we murongozi w'igihugu wa mbere kw'isi amaze igihe kirekire ku butegetsi atari umwami.

Laurent Kabila yakomboye Perezida Mobutu Sese Seko mu 1997 aca aba umukuru w'igihugu wa RD congo agira gatatu. Yasubiriwe n'umuhungu wiwe Joseph Kabila ku myaka 29 inyuma y'aho agandaguriwe n'umwe mu bamucungerera ubuzima.

Ababiteguye

Ubushakashatsi: Ruth Mulandi; Umwihwezo w'inyandiko n'amakuru Dorothy Otieno; Igishushanyo: Millicent Wachira; Ababitunganije: David Ayoola na Boaz Ochieng; Ababitosoye: Damilola Ojetunde na Dorothy Otieno. Izindi ntererano: Olaniyi Adebimpe, George Wafula, Mayowa Alabi, Brian Otieno, Ashley Lime na Esther Ogola.


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