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BBC Abagore 100 ba 2023: Ni nde ari ku rutonde rw'uyu mwaka?
BBC yasohoye urutonde rwo muri 2023 rw'abagore 100 b'icitegererezo n'intangarugero bava hirya no hino kw'isi.
Muri bo, harimwo umushingwamanza aharanira agateka ka zina muntu Amal Clooney, umukinyi wa Hollywood America Ferrera, kizigenza mu baharanira agateka k'abagore Gloria Steinem, umutambukanyi w'uwahoze ari perezida wa Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika Michelle Obama, umugwizatunga Huda Kattan acuruza ivyifashishwa mu kwishariza, n'umukinyi w'umupira w'amaguru yatwaye agashimwe ka 'Ballon d'or' Aitana Bonmati.
Mu mwaka waranzwe n'ubushuhe budasanzwe, imiriro ya nyakanga, imyuzure n'ibindi biza, urutonde rurimwo kandi abagore bakoreye ikibano cabo mu kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ibihe no kugira ico bakoze mu kurwanya ingaruka zavyo.
Mu rutonde rwa BBC rw'abagore 100, harimwo imboneza 28 mw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, imbere y'inama yimirije y'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, COP28.
Urutonde rw'amazina yabo
Umuco n'uburezi/indero
Afroze-Numa, Pakistan
Umwungere
Umwe mu bungere ba nyuma ba Wakhi, Afroze-Numa amaze imyaka 30 aragira impene, imbogo z'intungano (yak) n'intama.
Yatoranye uwo murimo kuri nyina na ba inakuru, akaba ari mu bakurikiranye uwo muco umaze imyaka amajana, usa n'uwuriko urazimangana mu kiyaya ca Shimshal muri Pakistan.
Buri mwaka, aba bungere b'abagore batwara imikuku yabo kugisha mu misozi iri ku burebure bwa metero 4800 uvuye mu kiyaya, aho bategura amata n'amavuta baguza ibindi bidandazwa vya nkenerwa batarinze guca mu mafaranga, mu gihe baragiye.
Ubutunzi bwabo bwazanye iterambere mu kirwati cabo, bubashoboza gushira abana mu mashure. Afroze-Numa aracibuka igihe yaba umugore wambere yashoboye kwambara ibitaro mu kibano iwe.
Hosai Ahmadzai, Afghanistan
Umunyamakuru kuri TV
Igihe aba Taliban bafata Afghanistan mu kwezi w'umunani 2021, Hosai Ahmadazai yari umwe mu bantu bake b'igitsinagore ba rurangiranwa mw'itangazamakuru mu gihugu.
Arabandanya igikorwa ciwe kuri Shamashad TV, n'ubwo hari impungenge z'umutekano no kutemerwa muri sosiyete iterekwa abagore mu mwuga w'itangazamakuru.
Amaze gukorana ibiganiro n'abantu benshi bo mu bategetsi b'aba taliban, ariko ahabwa amabwiriza y'aho adashobora kurenga mu vyo yifuza kubabaza, akaba adashobora kubabaza ku nyifato yabo.
Ahmadzai yize ibijanye n'amategeko, n'ubumenyi muri politike, kandi amaze imyaka indwi akora mw'itangazamakuru. Ashimikira ku burezi bw'abana b'abakobwa, bwuragijwe cane n'aba Taliban.
Esi Buobasa, Ghana
Umucuruzi w'amafi
Ihindagurika ry'ibihe si inkuru mbarirano kuri Esi Buobasa, yavukiye i Fuveme, ikigwati co muri Ghana catwawe n'ikiyaga.
Kumwe n'umugabo n'abana babo batanu, yimuwe ku gahato n'imyuzure igihe amazi yo mu kiyaga yaduga, atuma bitagishoboka kuba kuri ubwo butaka.
Nk'umwe mu baserukira abacuruzi b'amafi bo mu kibano, Buobasa na bagenziwe bashizeho ishirahamwe rifasha abagore bari mu mwuga w'uburovyi mu karere, kubera aho baziga uburaro n'uburamuko hageramiwe n'inkukura yo ku nkengera z'ikiyaga.
Urwo runani, uyu munsi rufise abanywanyi bagera ku 100, bahura uko indwi itashe bakaganira ku bibazo biraba abagore muri uwo murimo w'uburovyi, bakanashira hamwe uburyo bw'amafaranga bwo gufasha imiryango iri mu bukene.
Turihebura igihe cose tubonye urugero rw'amazi ruduze. Urupfu ruradusatira, twebwe n'abazodukomokako muri kazoza.
Esi Buobasa
Chila Kumari Burman, Ubwongereza
Umuhinga mu tugenegene
Chila Kumari Burman akora utugenegene dutandukanye harimwo gucapa no gusiga amarangi, gutegura no gufata amasanamu, yifashishije ivyo bikorwa vyiwe agashikiriza ubutumwa ku bibazo nko guserukirwa kw'imigwi itandukanye, n'ibijanye n'imyirondoro bifatiye ku mico canke ku gitsina.
Uyu mwaka, ibikorwa vy'uyu muhinga mu tugenegene vyaramuritswe muri 'Blackpool Illuminations' , isabukuru rihayanisha imico bibengerana amabara ryatanguye gutunganywa mu Bwongereza kuva mu 1879. 'Lollies in Love With Lights' ni kimwe muri ivyo bikorwa bigaragaza ubuhinga mu tugenegene yakoze, itara, rigaragaza hagati na hagati imodokari ya van itembereza crème glacée/ice cream, yibukiriza urudandazwa abavyeyi biwe bakoze kera.
Mu 2020, Burman yatunganije igitako c'imico 'Rembering a Brave New World' gisharije ku ruhande rw'inyubakwa y'iratiro ya Tate Britain, yakoze yisunze ibinyegezwa vyo mw'idini ry'abahindi, umuco n'ivyiyumviro bishira imbere ubushobozi bw'umugore.
Mu mwaka uheze yatewe iteka ryo kwitwa 'Member of Order of British Empire - MBE', agashimwe gahabwa abakoze ibikorwa vy'intashikirwa bifitiye akamaro abandi mu kibano.
Paula Chiziane, Mozambique
Umwanditsi
Paulina Chiziane yabaye umunya Mozambikekazi wa mbere asohoye igitabo igihe yandika ica mbere mu myaka ya 1990, yise 'Ballad of Love in the Wind'.
Yakuriye mu micungararo y'umugwa mukuru Maputo, yiga mu rurimi rw'igi 'Portugais' mw'ishure ryegukira Ekleziya Katolika. Yanonosoye ivyirwa vy' indimi muri kaminuza ya Eduardo Mondlane, ariko ntiyarangiza ngo aronka impamyabumenyi.
Ibitabo yanditse vyashizwe mu ndimi zitandukanye, harimwo icongereza, ikidagi n'igisupanyoro.Igitabo ciwe 'The first Wife: A Tale of Polygamy,' catumye atsindira agashimye ko mu gihugu ka 'Jose Craveirinha Award'.
Aherutse no gutsindira agashimwe ka 'Camoes Prize', gafatwa nk'akaruta utundi twose ku banditsi bo mu gi portugais.
Susanne Eti, Australia
Umuhinga mu bukerarugendo burama
Umuhinga umwe rudende mu bumenyi kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, ari mu gisata c'ingendo n'ubukerarugendo. Susanne Etti afise ishaka ridasanzwe ryo kuyobora ico gisata acerekeza kw'iterambere rirama.
Igikorwa ciwe nk'uwujejwe gukurikirana ingaruka ku bidukikije mw'ishirahamwe 'Intrepid Travel' rijejwe ingendo, cafashije iryo shirahamwe kuba irya mbere, rikorera ku biharuro bishingiye ku bumenyi n'ubushakashatsi mu kwiha intego yo kugabanya imyuka ya carbone mu gikorwa cabo.
Etti yatanze uburyo bwereka abandi bari mu gisata co kworohereza ingenzi n'ubukerarugendo, bifuza kugabanya imyuka ya carbon muri serivisi batanga, uko bashobora kuvyitwaramwo, kandi igice gihambaye ku mashirahamwe, ari mu gisata c'ingendo agera ku 400 ahurikiye mu mugwi bise 'Tourism Declares', ibigo n'abantu ku giti cabo, vyamaze kwemeza ko ikibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe ari ico kwihutira.
Muri kino gihe tuguma tubona abari mu bugwizatunga bemera uruhara rukomeye rw'ibikorwa bikumira ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, biciye mu kwishiriraho intego zo kugabanya izo ngaruka ku bidukikije, gushora imitahe mu kurwiza amasoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza, no kwiha intego zo mu gihe kirekire zo kugabanya iyo myuka yonona igisenge.
Susanne Eti
Jannatul Ferdous, Bangladesh
Yarokotse ubushe
Jannatul yarokotse ubushe bwari batongoye ibice 60% vy'umubiri wiwe, agera aho aba umuhinga mu gutunganya amareresi, umwanditsi, n'umuvugizi w'abagendana ubumuga.
Niwe yashinze ikigo 'Voices & Views', giharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore barokotse ubushe.
Incuti n'abagenzi bamuzi ku gatazirano ka Ivy. Yakoze ireresi ngufi zitanu, asohora ibitabo bitatu, agakoresha uburyo bwiwe bwo kubara inkuru mu gukangurira abantu ibibazo ababana n'ubumuga bafise.
Ferdous yarize cane, akaba afise impamyabumenyi yo ku rwego rwa Masters mu rurimi rw'icongereza, n'iyindi mpamyabumenyi ya kaminuza mu bijanye n'iterambere.
Licia Fertz, Ubutaliyano
Amurika imideri, akagira n'abanywanyi ku mbuga hwaniro
Si benshi mu bageze ku myaka 93 bashobora kuvuga ko bafise abanywanyi bagera 235.000 ku rubuga rwa Instagram, ariko umutaliyanokazi aruta abandi mu myaka mu bahimiriza abandi kunyugwa no gushimishwa n'imero y'umubiri wabo, avuga ko iyi ari intango.
Licia Fertz yabayeho kuva imbere y'intambara ya kabiri y'isi, urupfu rumutwara umukobwa wiwe w'imyaka 28, ndetse abura n'umugabo.
Ariko igihe umwuzukuru wiwe yamwugurira urubuga rwa Instagram ashaka kumufasha kuva mu gahinda, impuzu ziwe z'amabara meza n'intwengo yiwe nziza vyamuhinduye icamamare ku mbuga hwaniro.
Yanditse igitabo ku buzima bwiwe, amurika n'imideri y'uduhuzu two munsi ku masanamu yashizwe ku rupapuro rwa mbere rw'ikinyamakuru Rolling Stone, afise imyaka 89.
Arwanya ikumira rifatiye ku myaka, agaharanira inyungu z'igitsina gore n'izo abo mu migwi y'aba LGBTQ+, aho ashira imbere ivyiyumviro vy'uko buri muntu akwiye gushimishwa n'umubiri afise hatitaweho uko uteye, no guhindura ivyumviro vy'abantu ku buryo babona umubiri w'umuntu mu busaza canke ubusaza ubwabwo.
Natalia Idrisova, Tajikistan
Umujanama mw'ikoreshwa ry'amasoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza
Abagore baba mu turere twitereye hanze y'imiji muri Tajikistan akenshi birabagora gushikira amasoko nk' umuyagankuba canke inkwi. Natalia Idrisova, umuhuzabikorwa mw'ishirahamwe rijejwe gukingira ibidukikije Natalia Idrisova, yifuza inyishu zigaragara ku bibazo bishingiye ku buhinga bw'amasoko ntanganguvu n'ibindi bikoresho.
Iruhande yo gutanga inyishu, ishirahamwe ryiwe ritanga ibikoresho bifasha kuziganya amasoko ntanganguvu, ibikoni bikoresha imishwarara y'izuba n'inkono ziteka neza kubera kubika umwuka mwinshi, ibi bikagabaniriza abagore umwanya bamara bacaniriye inkono, kandi bigafasha mu kuzana uburinganire mu muryango biciye mu nzira yorohereza gukingira ibidukikije.
Ubu naho Idrisova ariko yigisha hirya no hino mu kibano uko ihindagurika ry'ibihe rikora ku bantu bagendana ubumuga, hamwe no kurondera inzira zotuma amajwi yabo yumvikana mu biganiro vya politike.
Ibihe bikomeye hirya no hino kw'isi biduha ibimenyetso vy'imburi ya nyuma ko abantu badashobora gutandukana n'isi n'ibiyiriko. Ntidushobora kugira urwangara rufatiye kw'ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kw'isi tutitayeho inkurikizi zavyo.
Natalia Idrisova
Vee Kativhu, Zimbabwe/ Ubwongereza
Ajejwe gutunganya ama video akavugira no ku rubuga rwa YouTube
Yafatanije kwiga amashure n'akazi k'amasaha make mu nzu y'urudandazwa rw'ibifungurwa 'McDonald', ariko agera ku kuronka impamyabumenyi muri za kaminuza zikomeye za Oxford na Harvard. Urugendo rw'amashure rwa Vee (Varaidzo) Kativhu rwabereye icitegererezo abaharugwa mu bihumbi hirya no hino kw'isi.
Igihe yari kuri kaminuza, yashinze umuhora wiwe ku rubuga rwa YouTube kugirango asangire n'abandi ivyo yaja aracamwo nk'umunyeshure aturuka mu muryango ufise amikoro aciriritse, akanaha impanuro abafise amikoro make nka we, z'uko biga kandi bakanaronka aho bakura ivyo bifashisha mu kwiga.
Kuva ico gihe, Kativhu yatanguje urubuga yise 'Empowered by Vee', aho arondera gufasha imigwi y'abanyeshure badafise ikibashigikira canke badaserukiwe bikwiye hirya no hino kw'isi, ngo nabo bashike mu mashure yo hejuru muri kaminuza.
Yaranditse igitabo gifasha uwukeneye mu bakiri bato kwifasha, kandi aracakurikirana inyigisho zo kuba indongozi mu bijanye n'indero (Education Leadership) zo ku rwego rwa PhD (doctorat).
Huda Kattan, Leta zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika
Yatanguje urudandazwa rw'ibikoresho vyo kwishariza mu bwiza.
Huda Kattan yavukiye muri Amerika ku bavyeyi b'abimukira bava muri Iraq, akurira Oklahoma, yanka gukurikirana akazi yigiye gasanzwe ko gukorera ibigo vy'ubugwizatunga, atorana urudandazwa rw'ibikoresho vy'ubwiza, umurimo yamanye ku mutima wiwe kuva kera.
Inyuma yo kuja mu nyigisho z'ubwiza muri Los Angeles, yigaruriye abakiriya b'ivyamamare barimwo abo mu miryango y'ubwami mu burasirazuba bwo hagati.
Kuva ico gihe yabaye uwa mbere mu bakurikirwa n'abantu benshi kuri Instagram, aho afise abarenga miliyoni 50.
Kattan yatanguye gukora ivyo kwishariza yise Huda Beauty, muri 2013, mu gutanguza ingohe z'iziterano. Ubu urudandazwa rwiwe rufise agaciro ka miliyaridi y'amadolari, rugizwe n'ibikoresho birenga 140, bigurishwa mu maduka arenga 1500 kw'isi.
Sophia Kianni, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Umunyeshure akaba no mu bikorwa vy'ubugwizatunga biteza abandi imbere.
Inyuma yo kuvugana n'incuti ziwe muri Iran, uyu mugwizatunga Sophia Kianni yasanze ata makuru ahagije yo kwizerwa ahari kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu rurimi rwabo, bituma atangura guhindura ibihari mu rurimi rw'igi Farsi.
Ibi vyahavuye bivamwo umugambi munini igihe ashinze 'Climate Cardinals', umugwi mpuzamakungu ugizwe n'urwaruka udaharanira inyungu, wishinze guhindura amakuru yerekeye ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu ndimi zose zishoboka kugirango ashikire n'abatavuga ururimi rw'icongereza.
Uwo mugwi ubu ugizwe n'abanyeshure b'abakorerabushake bagera ku 10 000 mu bihugu 80 kw'isi. Bamaze guhindura amajambo arenga umuliyoni yerekeye ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu ndimi zirenga 100.
Intumbero ya Kianni n'ugufasha gukuraho intambamyi z'ururimi mu guhanahana ubumenyi.
Abaharanira kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu bakiri bato barashizeho igisenge kibahuza hirya no hino kw'isi, bakangurira abaharurwa muri za miliyoni kuja mu myiyerekano, batuma abaharugwa mu bihumbi bandika inzandiko zisaba guhagarika ikoreshwa ry'ibikomoka kuri peterori, banatoza amafaranga aharugwa muri za miliyoni z'ama dolari yo gufasha mu bikorwa bifatiye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe. Ibibazo bihanze isi birakomeye cane ku buryo tutokwikumira dushingiye ku myaka canke ivyo tumaze kugiramwo ubumenyi.
Sophia Kianni
Arati Kumar-Rao, Ubuhindi
Umuhinga mu gufata amafoto
Aho akorera hirya no hino mu bumanuko bwa Aziya, Arati Kumar Rao azwi nk'umufotozi yigenga, umwanditsi akagira n'ubumenyi mw'itunganywa ry'ibiganiro vyerekana imero y'uturere n'ibinyabuzima vyatwo (National Geographic) , Arati Kumar -Rao aca muri ivyo biganiro mu kugaragaza amahinduka yazanywe n'ihindahurika ry'ibihe.
Yerekana ukugene amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka yagiye arayoyoka, uburyo ibidukikije bigenda bihona, uko amahinguriro agenda asubirira ibibanza vyahozemwo ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, ubutaka rusangi nabwo bugatera buzimangana, abaharugwa muri za miliyoni bagata ingo zabo, ubwoko bumwe bumwe bw'ibinyabuzima bugatera buzimangana burundu.
Kumar-Rao yakizuye incuro nyinshi Ubuhindi, igihugu kigize igice kinini c'umugabane wa Asia, mu ngendo amazemwo imyaka irenga icumi, inkuru ziwe zidaca ku ruhande zikagaragaza uburyo kwankiriza ibidukikije gusambura imibereho yabantu n'ibinyabuzima.
Igitabo ciwe yise 'Marginlands: India's landscape on the Brink', kigaragaza ibikuru bikuru mu bibazo bishikira ababa mu turere tugeramiwe kurusha ahandi no gutituka kw'ibidukikije mu Buhindi.
Ku muzi w'ikibazo c'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe hari ukubona twaratakaje mu buryo bubabaje, imigenderanire yacu n'isi, amazi n'ikirere. Ni ngombwa ko tugaruka kuri uyu mubano mwiza wacu navyo.
Arati Kumar-Rao
Marijeta Mojasevic, Montenegro
Avugira abagendana ubumuga
Inyuma yo kurokoka ingorane ishobora gutera umutima canke ubwonko guhagarara (AVC/ Stroke) ikunze kuva kw'ivumbuka ry'umurindi w'amaraso canke izindi ngwara, igihe yari mu mashure makuru, ubuzima bwa Marijeta Mojasevic bwarahindutse cane.
Amaze guhura n'ingaruka zo ku mubiri no mu vyiyumviro, inyinshi n'ubu bagihanganye, Mojasevic ubu akora umurimo wo kugira inama abandi akanaharanira uburenganzira bw'abagendana ubumuga.
Akoresha ijwi ryiwe kugirango ahangane n'inyifato y'abakumira abantu bagendana ubumuga bufatiye ku buryo ubwonko bwabo bukora.
Yashizeho ibiganiro vy'inganda zo kunagura ivyiyumviro yise 'Life With Disability', aho akoresha ivyamubayeko nk'akarorero kugirango afashe abandi guhindura ivyiyumviro.
Ni umuvugizi w'umugambi 'OneNeurology', ufise intumbero yo gukangurira isi gufata ibibazo bifatiye ku buryo ubwonko bukora/ imikorere y'ubwonko nk'ibibazo bihanze amagara y'abantu vyo kwitabwaho mu buryo bwihuta.
Sarah Ott, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Umwigisha
Igihe yashika mu bigero inyuma y'ibitero vyo kuwa 11/09/2001, muri leta ya Florida, uyu mwigisha wo mw'ishure rikuru avuga ko yakwegwa cane n'amakuru y'ibihuha yakwiragizwa.
N'ubwo yari yarize afise ubumenyi, hari igihe yibaza nimba koko ihindagurika ry'ibihe ari ikintu kiriko kiraba vy'ukuri.
Kwemera ko yihenda yariyo ntambwe ya mbere mu nzira yo kurondera kumenya ukuri. Urwo rugendo rwiwe rwamushikanye ku kuba umuvugizi n'umuserukizi /umuvugizi w'ikigo 'National Center for Science Education' kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Ubu rero aho aba muri leta ya Georgia akoresha ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu kwigisha ubumenyi bwa 'physique' ku banyeshure biwe, akanakangurira abo mu kibano ciwe ibijanye n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe ku bidukikije.
Naho ihindagurika ry'ibihe ari ikibazo kiraba bose, ntidushobora gukora vyose twenyene. guharanira ibidukikije ni nk'umurima. Ibihe biraza bigahereza ibindi. hagacamwo kuruhuka. Ni ukwubaha ibihe ugezemwo.
Sarah Ott
Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo, Ubuhindi
Bhiksuni, umubikira wo mu mugwi w'aba Buddha
Jetsunma Tanzin Palmo yavukiye mu Bwongereza mu myaka ya 1940, akurira mw'idini rya Buddha igihe yari umuyabaga.
Ku myaka 20 yagiye mu Buhindi, aho yabaye mu babikira ba mbere bavuye mu bihugu vya Bulaya batiwe mw'idini rya Buddha.
Mu nzira yo gutez'imbere igihagararo c'abihebeye Imana b'igitsinagore mw'idini ryaba Buddha, Tenzin Palmo yashinze ikigo c'ababikira b'aba Buddha ca Dongyu Gatsal Ling muri Himachal Predesh, mu Buhinde, gifise ababikira barenga 120.
Azwi cane ko yamaze imyaka aba mu kibanza citereye c'isenga ry'ibuye ryo mu misozi ya Himalaya, itatu muri iyo myaka akaba yayimaze yiherereye ata kindi kintu na kimwe akora atari kuzirikana. Mu 2008, yatewe iteka ridasanzwe ryo kwitwa Jetsunma, bisobanura Umutwarekazi akwiye kwambazwa.
Lala Pasquinelli, Argentine
Umuhinga mu tugenegene
Lala Pasquineli niwe yashizeho ikinyamakuru 'Women who Were Not on a (Magazine) Cover', mu 2015, kugirango abone uko avuga ku bibazo vy'ikumira no guserukirwa kw'abagore mw'itangazamakuru no mu muco uriko uratera imbere.
Uwo mugambi niwo uri inyuma y'isekeza rihamagarira abagore gusubira kwihweza ivyo bavuga canke babwirwa ku mibiri yabo, harimwo n'ibibazo vy'ubusaza, n'imfungurwa bafata. Akamo baherutse gutera bise #HermanaSoltaLaPanza (mukobwa mwene wacu, sigaho kwisonzesha) bagaragaza amakuru y'abantu b'ingano zose n'imero zose.
Nk'umushingwamanza, umuhinga mu kwivuga amazina, umwe mu bahuza ibitsina bisa akaba n'uwuharanira agateka k'abagore, Pasquinelli, ahanganye no gukura mu vyiyumviro vy'abantu, ico bafata nk'ubwiza bw'umugore, we avuga ko ari ivyiyumviro vyo mu kivunga, birimwo ikumira rifatiye ku gtsina, no ku rukoba, kandi bikomeza kwongereza ikimanga c'ubusumbane hagati y'abantu b'igitsinagore n'abo igitsinagabo.
Jess Pepper, Ubwongereza
Yashinze ikibanza 'Climate Café'
Climate Café' ni ikibanza abantu bo mu kibano bahuriramwo bagasangira, bakaganira, bagakora n'ibikorwa vyerekeye kurwanya ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe. Ikibanza ca mbere cashinzwe mu 2015, mu kigwati citwa Birnam Perthshire co muri Ecosse.
Ubu ashigikira abandi gushinga ibibanza nka benivyo mu kibano iwabo, bakabifatanya n'abandi bafise nka benivyo bibanza kw'isi yose mu runani rumwe.
Abahurira muri ben'ivyo bibanza baravuga ko ari ahantu bumva hatekanye ho gusangirira ivyiyumviro ku mpungenge n'umwitwariko bafise ku kibazo c' ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Pepper afise ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye arimwo nk'imboneza mu gukingira ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, akaba n'umwe mu batewe iteka nk'umunywanyi w'ikigo 'Royal Scottish Geographical Society' ndetse n'ica 'Royal Society of Arts'.
Ibikorwa bikumira ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe no gusubiza ibintu mu buryo bibera mu kibano, akenshi mbere birongowe n'abagore n'abana. Ubonye ingene kwunga urunani biriko biratuma abantu bahindura ibintu, bakamenya uko bahangana n'ibibazo kandi ari nakwo bashiraho n'uburyo bushasha ndetse n'urubuga rwa politike rutuma haza amahinduka mashasha, vyose bimpa icizere.
Jess Pepper
Matcha Phom-in, Thailand
Aharanira ubureganzira bw'abasangwabuka n'abari mu migwi y'aba LGBTQ+
Aho aba muri Thailand ku nkengera za Myanmar, agace kabayemwo ibibazo vy'indyane n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, igikorwa ca Match Phom-in cibanze cane cane ku burenganzira bwa ba nyamuke.
Yashinze umugambi 'Sangsan Anakot Yawachon', mu ntumbero yo gufasha mu burezi no kwubaka ubushobozi bw'ibihumbi vy'abantu batagira aho bita ubutaka bwabo canke igihugu cabo, hamwe rero n'abasangwabutaka b'abagore n'abakobwa, co kimwe n'abakiri bato bo mu migwi irimwo abahuza igitsina gisa, y'aba LGBTQ+.
Nk'umwe mu baturuka mu migwi ya banyamuke kandi avugira abo mu migwi y'aba LGBTQ+, Matcha Phorn-in afise uruhara rwa mbere mu gikorwa c'abishinze kurwanya amabi ashingiye ku gitsina mu karere, ari nakwo aharanira uburenganzira ku butaka no gukinga ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe ku bataye izabo n'abambuye uburenganzira bwo gutora no kwitoza.
Nta nyishu irama ishoboka kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe hatabanje kuba uruhara ruboneka rw'majwi aturutse mu basangwabutaka, abo mu migwi y'aba LGBTQIA+, abagore n'abakobwa.
Matcha Phom-in
Carolina Diaz Pimentel, Peru
Umunyamakuru
Igihe yasuzumwa ikibazo ca 'Autism' ageze mu myaka 20, Carolina Diaz Pimentel yikoreye umutsima (Cake) wo guhimbaza uwo munsi yafashe nk'umunsi mukuru kuko yamenye ko adafise inyifato n'ivyiyumviro nk'ivyo abandi (Neurodivergent).
Ubu akaba afise imyaka 30s ' yishimiye kuba mu bafise autism, kandi akomeza gukora akazi kiwe nk'umunyamakuru, yibanda ku biganiro vyibanda ku buzima bwo mu mutwe n'ibiraba abari mu mugwi w'abantu bavukana impamvu zituma batiyumvira canke ngo bigenze nk'uko bimenyerewe mu murongo wa benshi muri sosiyete (Neurodivergence).
Diaz akorera kandi kurwanya ikibazo c'ikumira rikorera abagendana ubumuga wo mu mutwe canke ubufatiye ku vyiyumviro vyabo (Psychological disabilities). Yashinze imigambi myinshi ifasha gukangurira abantu ico kibazo ca 'neurodiversity' irimwo: ' Mas Que Bipolar' , 'Peruvian Neurodivergent Coalition', na 'Proyecto Atipico'.
Yahawe uburyo bwo gukorana n'ikigo 'Pulitzer Center' gitanga uburyo ku banyamakuru bafise ibibazo bihanze isi bashaka gukorako amakuru mu buryo bwimbitse, agakorana ndetse n'ikigo citiriwe 'Rosalynn Carter Center' cibanda cane cane ku bibazo vy'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe.
Shairbu Sagynbeava, Kyrgyzstan
Yafashije gushiraho iduka ryo gushona' For Life"
Inyuma yo kuvurwa ingwara ya cancer yari igeze kure (urugero rwa kane) bikamugora kwirihira imiti, Shairbu Sagynbaeva ubu ariko aranaguka.
Kumwe n'abandi barwayi ba cancer bane bariko barakiruka, yashinze ibutike yo gushona bise 'For Life' aho bashona bakagurisha amasakoshi bifashishije ibisharizo vyo mu gihugu, bagaca batanga inyungu bakuyemwo nk'intererano yabo ku buvuzi bwa cancer.
Kugeza ubu bamaze kuronka amadolari $33,000 yo kurihira abandi bagore 34 bakeneye amafaranga yo kuriha mu kwivuza cancer.
Sagynbaeva aravuga kandi ko bikenewe gufasha abarwayi ba cancer bava kure y'ibitaro bivurizamwo, bituma ashira hafi y'ibitaro inyubakwa y'ivyumba vy'uburaro (Hostel) bashobora gucumbikamwo.
Daria Serenko, Uburusiya
Azi kwivuga amazina
Daria Serenko ni umwanditsi akaba n'umunyapolitike, ari mu bajejwe gutunganya ibikorwa vy'abaharanira uburenganzira bw'igitsina gore barwanya intambara Uburusiya bwashoje kuri Ukraine.
Amaze imyaka icenda yandika ku bijanye n'amabi akorerwa abagore mu Burusiya, aho amaze kwandika ibitabo bibiri birimwo ibivuga ku burenganzira bw'igitsina gore n'ivyese birimwo amajambo arwanya intambara.
Daria Serenko, ni nawe yatanguje umugambi 'Quiet Pickett', aho yambara ivyapa biriko amajambo ahamagarira abantu guhangana n'ibibazo kanaka.
Indwi zibiri imbere y'uko Uburusiya buvogera Ukraine ku mugaragaro, Serenko yarapfunzwe n'abategetsi, aregwa gukwiragiza ubutumwa bw'ubutagondwa. Inyuma yaho gato yimukiye muri Georgia, ubu naho akaba yatunzwe agatoke n'abategetsi b'Uburusiya ko akorera mu kinyegero ibihugu vy'amahanga.
Kera Sherwood-O'Regan, Nouvelle Zelande/ New Zealand
Avugira uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka n'abagendana ubumuga
Uyu muhinga ku bijanye n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe ku basangwabutaka n'abagendana ubumuga muri A Kai Tahu, aturuka muri Te Waipounamu, ubumanuko bw'izinga rya Nouvelle Zelande.
Yafashije gushinga ikigo giharanira uburenganzira ku bijanye n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, n'amahinduka mu mibereho.
Ibikorwa vyiwe bifatiye ku muco waranze abakurambere ba Maori ku bijanye n'ubutaka, wasa n'uwimwe agaciro kuva kera mu biganiro vyerekeye ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Sherwood-O-Regan yagiranye imigenderanire n'abashikiranganji, abategetsi batandukanye ndetse n'abo mu mashirahamwe yigenga ya sosiyete sivile, kugirango ashobore kwerekana hose ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu kibano ciwe, ari nakwo avugira uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka, n'abagendana ubumuga mu biganiro kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Ntitwemera ubuvugizi bw'indenzarugero, turiko turagura ikibanza, duhereye ku bo mu kibano kandi biriko birakora neza. Nibaza y'uko abantu benshi ubu bemera ko ubudahangarwa bw'abasangwabutaka ari yo nyishu ku kibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Kera Sherwood-O'Regan
Sagarika Sriram, Leta zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu
Umurezi n'umuhanuzi kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe
Umuyabaga Sagarika Sriram, ariko aharanira ko ubumenyi ku bijanye n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe bushirwa mu nyigisho zibwirizwa gutangwa mu mashure kuri bose.
Akoresheje ubumenyi bwiwe mu buhinga bwa none bwo gukoresha nyabwonko bita 'coding', yashizeho urubuga ngurukanabumenyi yise 'Kids4abetterworld', bujejwe gufasha kwigisha abana bo hirya no hino kw'isi no kubashigikira mu migambi yabo y'iterambere rirama mu kibano iwabo.
Ibi abikoranya n'inyigisho atanga kw'ibungabunga ry' ibidukikije yifashishije ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi canke ubundi buryo, akigisha abana ukuntu bofasha kubungabunga ibidukikije no kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Afatanya ivyigwa vyiwe arimwo i Dubai vyo mu mwaka wa nyuma w'amashure makuru yitegurira kuja muri kaminuza, no kuba mu mugwi mpanuzwajambo w'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU ku burenganzira bw'abana, aho ari imboneza mu bijanye n'uburenganzira bw'ibidukikije.
Si umwanya wo kuvuza akaruru, ahubwo ni umwanya wo gukora, ku buryo umwana wese aronka uburenganzira ku burezi, akagira ubuzima burama, kandi agafasha kuzana amahinduka isi ikeneye.
Sagarika Sriram
Clara Elizabeth, Fragodo Ugarle, Mexico/Mexique
Umushoferi wa kamyo
Umushoferi wa kamyo Clara Elizabeth Fragoso Ugarte amaze imyaka 17 mu murimo uzwi nk'uwigaruriwe n'abagabo, afata ingendo hose muri Mexico, muri amwe mu mabarabara ateye ubwoba y'ico gihugu.
Uyu mupfasoni Fragoso Urgate yamuka muri Durango, yubatse igihe yari afise imyaka 17, ni umuvyeyi w'abana bane, akaba inakuru w'abuzukuru indwi.
Nk'umu 'trailera', akazina abashoferi b'abagore batwara ama kamyo bahawe, amara ubuzima bwiwe mw'ibarabara, agemura ibidandazwa hirya no hino muri Mexico na Amerika.
Afasha kwigisha abashoferi bashasha, kandi afise intumbero yo kubera akarorero abandi bagore, ngo bamuhamvye muri uwo mwuga, ku buryo haba uburinganire hagati y'abagabo n'abagore mu bakora uwo mwuga wo gutwara imodoka zo mu bwoko bwa kamyo ziremereye zipakira ibidandazwa vyinshi cane.
Louise Mabulo, Philippines
Umugwizatunga mu burimyi
Mu 2016, igihuhusi Nock-Ten cayogoje ibice bitandukanye vya Camarines Sur, muri Philippines, aho cahoneje ibiri ku bice 80% vy'ubutaka burimwa.
Louise Mabulo, yarenze ivyabaye ashiraho umugambi 'Cacao Project', mu gihe cakurikiye. Ni umugambi ufise intumbero yo kunagura itunganywa ry'ibifungurwa biciye mu burimyi burama, buvukanisha ibiterwa vy'ibifungurwa n'ibiti kw'isi ndimwa imwe.
Mabulo ashigikira ubushobozi bw'abarimyi, agasambura ibifungurwa vyonona ibidukikije, yabaye imboneza mu burimyi bwo hanze y'ibisagara bushingiye ku kubungabunga ibidukikiije, agasubiza ubutunzi buvuye muri ubwo burimyi mu minwe y'abarimyi ubwabo.
Atanga ubuhanuzi muri politike mpuzamakungu ishingiye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe aho atuma ubumenyi n'amakuru aturuka mu bice vyo hanze y'imiji bimenyekana gushika kure. Yatewe iteka n'umugambi w'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ujejwe gukingira ibidukikije ryo kwitwa imboneza y'urwaruka mu kubungabunga isi.
Nkura icizere mu kumenya ko imigwi itandukanye iriko iriyubaka hirya no hino kw'isi biturutse ku bantu nka nje, bubaka kazoza kagizwe n'uturere dutotahaye, duhuza imice y'ikibano itandukanye, aho uburimyi bukorwa mu buryo burama kandi budasaba amikoro maremare, aho ubutunzi bwose harimwo n'ibivuye mu kugwiza ibifungurwa bikoreshwa vyose mu buryo ngirakamaro ata na kimwe gipfuye ubusa, ivyo vyose bigakorwa hisunzwe gusa, ingingo zo gusabikanya mu buryo bubereye.
Louise Mabulo
Oksana Zabuzhko, Ukraine
Umwanditsi
Oksana Zabuzhko afatwa nk'umwe mu banditsi bakomeye n'abanyabwenge ba Ukraine, amaze kwandika ibikorwa birenga 20, birimwo ibifatire ku migani y'ibitabayaho (Fiction) ivyese, amazina, n'ibindi bivuga ku vyabaye.
Mu makungu, azwi ku bikorwa bimwe yanditse nka 'Field Work in Ukrainian Sex' na 'The Museum of Abandoned Secrets'.
Yanonosoye ivyirwa mu gisata ca Philosophie muri kaminuza ya Shevchenko i Kyiv, aho afise impamyabumenyi yo ku rwego rwa Doctorat.
Ibitabo vyiwe vyahinduwe mu ndimi zigera ku 20, bituma atsindira udushimwe dutandukanye two mu gihugu no ku rwego rw'amakungu, harimwo agashimwe ka Angelus Literary Prize ko muri Bulaya yo hagati', 'Shevchenko National Prize' ko muri Ukraine na Ordre National francais de la Legion d'Honneur.
Imyidagaduro n'inkino
Justina Miles , Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Agendana ubumuga bwo kutumva akoresha imvugo y'ibimenyetso /guca amarenga
Mu rukino rwa Super Bowl LVII mu kwezi kwa kabiri, rumwe mu nkino za mbere zirabwa na benshsi kw'isi, Justina Miles yabaye intibagiranwa muri kahise/ yanditse amateka.
Justina Miles asanzwe aremesha ibiteramo kandi agendana ubumuga bwo kutumva, yamenyekanye cane igihe yasubiramwo kuririmba akoresheje ibimenyetso, amajambo ari mu ndirimbo y'icamamare mu muziki wa Pop Rihanna, ariko anatambana inkomezi n'igihagararo.
Ibi vyatumye aba umugore wa mbere agendana ubumuga bwo kutumva atamvye akurikiza uburyo bwo kuvuga canke kuririmba bukoresha ibimenyetso / amarenga ya Amerika (American Sign Language - ASL) mu gihe c'ibirori vyo mu karuhuko ko hagati mu nkino za Super Bowl. Indirimbo yasubiramwo ubwa mbere muri urwo rurimi rw'ibimenyetso/amarenga, 'Lift Every Voice and Sing' ururirimbo ruzwi nk'urwo guhayagiza igihugu rw''abirabure, narwo rwabaye urwa mbere muri ivyo birori.
Miles ashaka kwereka isi ko abagendana ubumuga bwo kutumva bashobora guserukirwa neza kandi afise icizere co kwugurura ikigo ciwe co kwigisha abafise ubwo bumuga bwo kutumva.
Bianca Williams , Ubwongereza
Umunonotsi
Bianca Williams ni umunonotsi yatwaye imidari mu mahiganwa yo gusiganwa ku metero 100 ari bane bahana udukoni (4x100m) ku mugabane wa Bulaya no mu nkino za Commonwealth, akaba yabaye capitaine w'Ubwongereza na Ireland ya ruguru mahiganwa y'uyu mwaka.
Mu kwezi kw'indwi, yarangije amahiganwa y'Ubwongereza afise umwanya wa kabiri mu gusiganwa ku metero 200, bituma umugwi w'Ubwongereza uronka ikibanza mu mahiganwa y'isi yose yabareye i Budapest.
We n'umugenzi wiwe nawe nyene w'umunonotsi, Ricardo Dos Santos, barahagaritswe barasakwa n'igipolisi c'i London mu kwezi kw'indwi 2020.
Williams na Dos Santos barareze igipolisi bacagiriza kubahora uko bavutse basa. Babiri muri abo bapolisi, icaha co kwitwara nabi carabahamye, barirukanwa.
Aitana Bonmati, Espagne
Umukinyi w'umupira w'amaguru
Uyu mukinyi wo hagati yabigize umwuga, yavukiye muri Catalonia, umugwi wiwe Barcelona watwaye ibikombe vya Spanish League na Champions League uyu mwaka.
Ariko yarushirije kuba rurangiranwa igihe c'igikombe c'isi, aho yatsinze ibitego bitatu vyatumye umugwi wa Espagne utwara igikombe, akagenwa nk'umukinyi wa mbere y' uyu mwaka muri iryo higanwa. Yatwaye igihembo ca 'Ballon d'Or' ahabwa n'ikamba ry'umukinyi wa mbere w'umwaka w'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya, ku myaka 25.
Bonmati avuga adatinya gukoresha ijwi ryiwe haba mu kibuga canke hanze yaco, aho aharanira cane cane uburinganire bw'abakinyi b'abagabo n'abagore mu mupira w'amaguru.
Mu gihe intsinzi y'umugwi wiwe mu gikombe c'isi igiriyemwo igitutu, cazanywe n'ikibazo c'umukuru w'ishirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru mu gihugu Luis Rubiales yasomye ku munwa umukinyi Jenni Hermoso, Bonmati yakoresheje ijambo mu gushigikira mugenziwe n'abandi bagore bose bahura n'ibibazo bisa n'iciwe.
Antinisca Cenci, Ubutaliyano
Umuhinga mu mukino wo gutambisha ifarasi: 'vaulting'
Igihe Antinisca Cenci yatangura kwimenyereza gutambira ku mugongo w'ifarasi afise imyaka 30, ntiyari azi ko mu myaka icumi yakurikiye yari kuzoba ariko azunguruka isi yose ari kumwe n'umugwi wimenyereza uwo mukino wo gutambisha ifarasi.
Kuva La Fenice mu buraruko bw'Ubutaliyano, ubuzima ntibwigeze bumworohera. Nyina wiwe yari yabariwe ko, inyuma yo kumuvyara bigoranye, Cenci atazobaho ni yaramuka afashwe n'ingwara, n'ubwo yoba akamangu gasanzwe.
Cenci yatanguye uwo mukino wo gutambisha ifarasi, biciye mu mugambi ufasha imiryango n'abantu bagendana ubumuga mu Butaliyano ANFFAS, n'umugwi wa Vaulting wo muri La Fenice.
Ubu rero yimenyereza hamwe n'umukinyi wa mbere kw'isi muri Vaulting, Anna Cavallaro, hamwe n'umumenyereza Nelson Vidoni.
Andreza Delgado, Brezil
Afasha gutunganya no gusigura ibijanye n'umuco
Andreza Delgado yafashije gutaguza ikigo PerifaCon, arondera ko abantu baba mu bice bikenye vyitereye vyo hanze y'umuji wa Sao Paulo, bumva uko bimeze kuja mw'ihuriro ry'abantu isinzi bakurikira iyanditswe mu gitabo gitwenza.
Ayo mahuriro atunganywa ku buntu, yibanda ku banditsi b'ibitabo bitwenza, abakora utugenegene n'abandi baremesha ibiteramo bo mu turere tw'abakene two muri Brezil 'favelas', aho usanga kenshi basigazwa inyuma mu bijanye no gutegura canke kuja kurorera ibirori bifatiye ku muco.
Hifashishijwe ibitabo bitwenza, inkino zo kuri video, ibiteramo vy'umuziki n'ibindi biteramo bifatiye ku muco, ikoraniro ryatunganijwe na PeriCon ryabaye uyu mwaka wa 2023, ryarorerewe n'abarenga ku 15.000.
Akoresheje imbuga ziwe za YouTube na Podcast, Delgado ntarya umunwa mu gusaba ko abantu bose bahabwa ubushobozi bwo gushikira umuco muri Brezil, ahanini ashingira ku bikorwa vy'abirabure b'abahinga mu tugenegene.
Desak Made Rita Kusuma Dewi, Indonesia
Umuhinga mu kwurira anyaruka
Igihe yari mu mashure y'intango muri Bali, Desak Made Rita Kusuma Dewi yasabwe kwurira uruhome, umukino yaciye akunda akaramata.
Yaronse amanota meza mu ntango z'amahiganwa yiwe, ariko uwo azwi ku kazina k'ubuhizi ka 'Queen of Indonesia rock climbing' yaraduze cane muri uyu mwaka, atsindira umudari wa zahabu mu bagore mu kwurira banyaruka mu mahiganwa ya IFSC (International Federation of Sports Climbing) ahuza abambere mu bihugu iwabo, aho yakoresheje umwanya w'ama segonde 6.49.
Ibi vyamuhaye itike yo kuja mu mahiganwa y'inkino za Olympic zizobera i Paris mu mwaka uza, aho urukino rwo gusiganwa mu kwurira ruzotunganywa ubwa mbere, iruhande y'izari zihasanzwe.
Uyu munonotsi mu kwurira shobora kwandika amateka ya Indonesia, igihugu kimaze kuronka imidari muri badminton, guterura ivyuma biremereye no gutubereza mu kurasa imyampi n'umuheto.
America Ferrera, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Umukinyi w'ivyese
Azwi na benshi mw'isi yo kuremesha ibiteramo, akaba yaranatsindiye udushimwe twinshi. Ni n'umuyobozi, akongera agatunganya amareresi. America Ferrera azwi cane mu gikorwa co gutunganya filime 'Barbie' yamenyekanye cane, hamwe na 'Real Women have Curves' n'agakino k'urukurikirane 'Ugly Betty'.
Yabaye uwa mbere akiri muto atsindiye agashimwe ka Emmy mu bakinyi ba filimi bakuru, kubera uruhara rwiwe mu gakino 'Ugly Betty' ndetse akaba n'uwa mbere wo aturuka mu bwoko bw'aba Latina. Ferrera amaze igihe kirekire aharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore, atanga n'ibiganiro henshi hashoboka agaragaza ko bikiri nkenerwa cane ko abagore baserukirwa mu baboneka kuri za teleziyo.
Uyu yavutse ku bimukira baturuka muri Honduras, aharanira kandi ko ubuzima bw'abo mu bwoko bw'aba Latina muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika butera imbere, abicishije mu kigo ciwe kidaharanira inyungu, Poderistas.
Anne Grall, Ubufaransa
Aremesha ibiteramo vyo gutwenza
Ikibanza 'Greenwashing Comedy Club' gihuza urunani rw'abakora ibirori vyo gutwenza bivuga ku bibazo bibangamira ibidukikije hamwe n'uburenganzira bw'abagore bufatiye ku buringanire hagati y'abagabo n'abagore, ubukene, ubumuga hamwe rero n'uburenganzira burimwo abo mu mugwi w'abahuza igitsina kimwe, bita LGBTQ+.
Uwo mugwi washinzwe n'uwukora utugenegene two gutwenza Anne Grall, afise icizere c'uko muri ivyo bitabu vyiwe acishamwo agatanga ubutumwa, ico yita gutera imbuto zo guhindura mu mitwe y'abantu ndetse bigatuma banahindura ingendo.
Mu kibano bakunda gukurikira utugenegene, aho bakoresha ubutumwa bugufi n'amajambo magufi akubiyemwo insiguro nyinshi, Grall abona ko gutwenza, cane cane abishingiye ku mvugo ndenzarugero n'uburyo bwo kurangiza ijambo, bishobora kuba inzira nziza yo gufasha abantu guhindura ingendo.
Icatumye ubwo buryo bwo gutwenza bwarakunzwe cane, burashika ku mutima gose kuko butuma muri kino gihe umuntu abona ko abantu benshi bafise umwitwarariko kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, kandi bakaba bashaka kuja hamwe, bagatwenga, bakava mu birori bumva biteguye kubandanya urugamba.
Anne Grall
Georgia Harrison, Ubwongereza
Azwi kuri tereviziyo
Inyuma y'aho Georgia Harrison akorewe ihohotera rifatiye ku gitsina bishingiye kw'isura yiwe, yafashe ingingo yo gukoresha inkuru y'ivyamubayeko kugirango arwanye amabi akorerwa abagore, anafashe guhindura uburyo mu Bwongereza bafata ico bokwita ubwumvikane.
Uyu mugore azwi cane kuri tereviziyo, mu rukurikirane nka 'Love Island' na 'The Only way is Essex', yatanguje isekeza ryo gusaba guhindura itegeko rikingira ibikoreshwa ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi, nko kworosha uburyo bwo gukurikirana imbere y'amategeko no guhana abakoresheje nabi amasanamu yerekana ibihimba vy'ibanga, ivyo bita 'revenge porn' vyogereranywa n'ubukozi bw'ikibi buciye mu kwandagaza amasanamu yerekana imyanya ndangagitsina mu ntumbero yo kugirira nabi nyeneyo.
Harrison muri kino gihe ariko ahamagarira ko imbuga hwaniro zirengera ibibazo bifatiye ku kubika amasanamu yafashwe canke yabitswe ata burenganzira bwatanzwe na nyeneyo.
Harmanpreet Kaur, Ubuhindi
Umukinyi wa cricket
Uyu mwaka, Hamanpreet Kaur yabaye umuhindikazi wa mbere yagenywe mu gitigiri c'abakinyi batanu bambere ba cricket b'uyu mwaka, batangajwe muri Wisden, igitabo gitangaza buri mwaka ibiraba urukino rwa cricket.
Uyu asanzwe ari capitaine w'umugwi wa cricket w'Ubuhindi, akunze gutsinda ibitego vyinshi haba mu gihugu eka no mu nkino zo hanze. Mu mwaka uheze, yashikanye umugwi wiwe ku mudari w'ifeza mu nkino za Commonwelath.
Mu nkino za cricket zo mu gihugu, yashikanye Abahindi ba Mumbai ku ntsinzi mu rukino rwabanjirije inkino z'imigwi yo mu ciciro ca mbere (Premier League) mu kwezi kwa gatatu
Kimwe mu bihe bihambaye vy'ubuzima bwiwe nk'umukinyi ni mu 2017, igihe yatsinda runs 171 (incuro umukinyi akubita umupira akiruka hagati y'amagori) hamwe na balls 115 (incuri akubita umupira na bat awerekeza ku bo bahiganwa).
Dayeon Lee, Korea y'epfo
Yashinze ikigo 'Kpop4Planet'
Biciye muri 'Kpop4Planet', Dayeon Lee ahuza abakunzi ba K-pop bo hirya no hino kw'isi mu guhangana n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Kuva utanguye mu 2021, uwo mugwi wasavye abantu b'ivyamamare muri Korea y'epfo mu muziki n'ibindi bikorwa vyo kwishimisha no kuruhurira umutwe, ndetse n'abaca ku biganiro vy'ibigo vy'itangazamakuru, kugira ico bakoze ku bijanye n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, hamwe rero no gukoresha amasoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza.
Uwo mugwi warerekanye ingaruka zo guta ama 'albums' y'indirimbo ziba zashizwe ku bikoresho bifadika nka za CD (disque electronique), ivyatumye abakora umuziki wa K-pop bahindura bakawugumiza mu buryo bwa 'digital albums' gusa, aho gusohora ama kasete n'ibindi nk'ivyo.
Dayeon Lee, ubu naho yarenze ivy'umuziki, aja mu vyo guhangana n' ihindagurika ry'ibihe, afatiye ku maduka agurisha impuzu agenderwa n'abatunze cane, yamamazwa n'ivyamamare vya K-pop
Iyo duhagurukiye kurwanya akarenganyo mu kibano, turuhuka ari uko tugeze ku mahinduka. Twaravyerekanye kenshi, kandi n'ubu tuzobibandanya, turwanya akaga gaterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Dayeon Lee
Dia Mirza, Ubuhindi
Umukinyi wa filimi
Dia Mirza ntiyatsindiye udushimwe nk'umukinyi wa filimi gusa, asanzwe ari no mu migambi myinshi yo gukingira ibidukikije no gufasha abari mu kaga.
Nk'umuserukiri w'umugambi w'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU ujejwe gukingira ibidukikije, Mirza yakwiragije ubutumwa ku bibazo biterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, ikirere gisukuye no gukingira ibikoko vyo mw'ishamba.
Niwe yashinze 'One India Stories', uruganda rukora ibiganiro bifise intumbero, mu majambo yiwe "bituma ufata akanya ukiyumvira".
Amenyekanisha ibikorwa vyitabwaho n'amashirahamwe 'Save the Children' na 'Fund for Animal Welfare', akaba no mu rwego nshingwantwaro rw'ishirahamwe 'Sanctuary Nature Foundation'
Zandile Ndhlovu, Afrika y'epfo
Yigisha ubuhinga bwo kwibira mu kwoga.
Nk'umugore wa mbere muri Afrika y'efo yigisha ubuhinga bwo kwibira, Zandile Ndhlovu ashaka ko gushika mw' ibahari bitoba umwihariko w'abantu b'igitsina kimwe.
Yashinze ikigo 'The Black Mermaid Foundation', gifasha abakiri bato n'abandi bantu bo mu kibano ciwe gushika kw'ibahari, mu ntumbero yo gufasha imigwi mishasha itari imenyerewe kuboneka muri ivyo bibanza vyo gusamiramwo akayaga, baba abaja gukina canke abahaja kugira siporo mu buryo bw'umwuga.
Ndhlovu n'umuntu yagendeye ibahari mu nzira yo kurimenya cane, umwanditsi w'inkuru, agatunganya n'amareresi. Akoresha ubwo bumenyi mu gufasha gushira hamwe urwaruka rushasha rwishinze kwitahono gukingira ibahari, rukiga ibijanye n'ingaruka zo guhumana kw'ibahari, iduga ry'urugero rw'amazi yaho, bakanagira uruhara mu gukingira ibidukikije.
Kwiyumvira amajwi y'urwaruka rwa kino gihe ariko araduga mu nzira yo kuzana amahinduka, bimpa icizere mfatiye ku ngaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Zandile Ndhlovu
Alice Oseman, Ubwongereza
Umwanditsi wa filimi n'izindi nkino bica kuri tereviziyo
Uyu mwanditsi yaronse udushimwe, ni umuhinga mu kwandikira abakina kuri tereviziyo no kwandika ibijana n'amashusho ku bikundwa n'abakiri bato, vyo mu rukurikirane rw'agakino kerekeza ku rukundo no gutwenza kazwi nka 'Heartstopper'. Yatumye n'inkuru yerekeye abo mu migwi y'aba LGBTQ+ bariko barashika mu bigero, itsindira agashimwe ka Emmy, k'inkuru yatunganijwe neza muri filime yerekanwa kuri televiziyo ya Netflix.
Oseman yanditse buri gice c'urwo rukurikirane, agira n'uruhara mw'itegurwa ryayo kuva ku ntango biyumvira imero yayo kugeza ku ntambwe ya nyuma yo gushiramwo umuziki.
Yaranditse n'utundi dukuru twinshi mu bitabo bigenewe abakiri bato, harimwo 'Radio Silence', 'Loveless' na 'Solitaire', vyatangajwe igihe yari agifise imyaka 19 gusa.
Ibitabo vyiwe vyatsindiye udushimwe, ibindi bija ku rutonde rw'ivyatoranijwe kuronka canke ivyagenywe guhiganirwa udushimwe, harimwo aka 'YA Book Prize, the Ink Awards, canke Carnigie Medal na Goodreads Choice Awards'.
Paramida, Ubudagi
DJ atunganya umuziki
N'imbere kure y'uko imyiyerekano yaduka muri Irani umwaka uheze, DJ Paramida yari yariyamirije umuco wo gukumira abagore bakomoka muri Irani.
Aho ari ubu muri Berlin, Paramida yatoye ico akunda, umuziki n'umuco wo gutamba, igihe yikurikiranya kuba muri Frankfurt na Tehran mu myaka yiwe y'ubuyabaga.
Afatiye kuri kahise k'intambo y'umuziki wamekanye cane, umuziki wiwe uzwi nka 'Love on The Rocks' ushira imbere umuco w'intambo igaragaza umunezero udasanzwe kandi itandukanye n'imiziki y'iki gihe.
Nk'umuntu azwi cane mu kirabo gifise n'ubutambiro ca Berghain 'Panorama Bar' mu muji wa Berlin, ni umu DJ aronderwa cane kandi yanonosoye ubumenyi mu gutunganya umuziki. Yifashisha ico kibanza mu guharanira guhindura ibifatwa nk'umwihariko w'abagabo muri ico gisata c'umuziki n'ubuzima bw'akazi k'ijoro.
Camila Pirelli, Paraguay
Umunonotsi mu nkino za Olympic
N'aho umwihariko wiwe uri mu mahiganwa ya heptathlon agizwe n'inkino zitandukanye zirimwo kwiruka basimba inzitiro, gusimba no gutera, Camila Pirelli yashikanywe mu mahiganwa ya Olympic y' iTokyo no gusiganwa metero 100 basimba imitego.
Uyu munonotsi azwi ku gatazirano ka Guarani Panther, asiganwa ku kibuga iwabo no hanze y'igihugu, asanzwe afise imyanya ya mbere mu mahiganwa y'abanonotsi ku rwego rw'igihugu, akaba asanzwe ari umumenyereza wa siporo n'umwigisha w'icongereza.
Pirelli yakuriye mu muryango witaho ikibazo c'ibidukikije mu gisagara gitoya co muri Paraguay, aho yabonye mu buryo bumwegereye ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Ubu rero ni kizigenza mu banonotsi bashira imbere kwubahiriza ibidukikije (EcoAthlete), bisobanura ko yiyemeje gukoresha urubuga rwa siporo mu guhimiriza abantu kuvuga ku kibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe no gufata ingingo zo kugabanya imyuka ya carbone yonona igisenge gikingira isi imishwarara y'izuba n'ubushuhe.
Navukiye mu gisagara gito mbona ibikoko vyo mw'ishamba hafi buri munsi. Kumenya ko ivyo bikoko muri kino gihe bibangamiwe kubera ihindagurika ry'ibihe birantera umwitwarariko nkumva nifuza gufasha.
Camila Pirelli
Aziza Sbaity, Libani
Umunonotsi asiganwa mu kuvuduka
Uyu ahayagizwa nk'umunya Libanikazi wa mbere anyaruka muri kahise k'ico gihugu, inyuma yo guca umuhigo w'abanonotsi bo mu gihugu ku metero 100, Aziza Sbaity yaravuzwe mu binyamakuru kandi, nk'umwiraburekazi aturuka muri ico gihugu aronse umudari wa zahabu mu mahiganwa ahuza abanonotsi bo mu bihugu vyo mu burengero bwa Aziya no mu bihugu vy'abarabu uyu mwaka.
Yavutse k'umunya Liberiyakazi na se w'umunya Libani, yimukira muri Libani ku myaka 11, aho yahuye n' ibibazo vy'ivangura rifatiye ku rukoba, no ku kibanza ahabwa mu kibano kubera ibara ry'urukoba rwiwe.
Iyo nzira y'ubunonotsi niyo yatumye atahura agaciro kiwe n'ubushobozi afise, bimushiramwo n'ishaka ryo kuvugira abandi.
Akoresha igihagararo n'ikibanza ciwe mu kuvuga kw'ivangura rifatiye ku rukoba mu gihugu, agashira imbere uburinganira no kudakumira, kandi akorana n'amashure na za kaminuza mu kumurikira urwaruka rwa Libani izo ndangagaciro.
Khine Hnin Wai, Myanmar
Umukinyi w'ivyese na sinema/ filimi
Khine Hnin Wai yatanguriye kuba umukinyi wa filimi muri Myanmar harashize hafi imyaka 25, aja kumenyekana cane kubera uruhara rwiwe mu kuyobora abandi muri filimi San Ye. Yahavuye aba umwe mu bakinyi ba filimi bateye imbere cane muri sinema murico gihugu.
Ariko ubu naho yamenyakanye cane gusumba inyuma y'ibikorwa vyiwe vy'ubugiraneza. Mu 2014, yashinze ikigo 'Khine Hnin Wai', gifasha mu bikorwa bitandukanye birimwo kurera impfuvyi n'abana b'intano.
Muri ivyo bikorwa vyiwe, afasha abana barenga 100 bafise abavyeyi badafise ubushobozi bwo kubarera ku mvo zitandukanye.
Hnin Wai arafasha kandi nk'umuserukizi akaba n'umuvugizi (ambassador) mu kibazo c'igurishwa mu kinyegero ry'abana (child trafficking)
Politike n'ubuvugizi
Neema Namadamu , Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo
Aharanira uburenganzira bw'abagendana ubumuga
Urunani 'Hero women Rising' canke 'Mama Shuja,' rufise intumbero yo kuteza imbere imibereho y'abagore n'abakobwa muri Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo.
Neema Namadamu asanzwe aharanira uburenganzira bw'abagendana ubumuga, yashinze amashirahamwe yabakenyezi bo ku nzego zo hasi, akoresha uburezi n'ubuhinga bwa none mu gutuma ijwi ry'umukenyezi ryumvikana, akabigisha guharanira uburenganzira bwabo.
Namadamu yavukiye hagati mu misozi yo mu buseruko bwa Republika ya Demokarasi ya Congo, afatwa n'ingwara y'ubukangwe afise imyaka ibiri. Niwe yabaye uwa mbere mu bana b'abakobwa bafise ubumuga baturuka mu bwoko bwiwe yashoboye kurangiza kaminuza.
Yabaye umushingamateka aba n'umuhanuzi mu bushikiranganji bujejwe uburinganire n'imiryango.
Yael Braudo -Bahat, Israel
Umushingwamanza
Nk'icegera c'umuyobozi wa 'Women Wage Peace- WWP', umuhari uharanira kubana mu mahoro muri Israel, Yael Braudo-Bahat akoresha ubumenyi bwiwe bw'amategeko mu gushigikira uwo muhari wibanda ku banyagihugu basanzwe bo mu rwego rwo hasi, ugizwe n'abanywanyi barenga 50,000.
Uyu muhari washinzwe mu 2014, urondera ko haba umwumvikano uturutse ku biganiro vya politike, mu gutorera umuti ikibazo ca Israel n'abanya Palestina, ugashimangira ku ruhara rw'abagore mu mugambi w'amahoro.
Mu myaka ibiri iheze, WWP wakoranye n'uwundi muhari w'abanya Palestina bisangiye ivyiyumviro, ' Women of Sun'.
Braudo- Bahat avuga ko yumva agifitiye umwenda uwamubereye umuhanuzi, bafashanije gushinga umuhari, Vivian Silver, yamaze imyaka igera ku mirongo y'ubuzima bwiwe, arondera gutahurana n'uburinganira hagati y'abanya Israel n'abanya Palestina. Silver yishwe mu gitero ca Hamas kuwa 07/10/2023.
Maryam Al-Khawaja, Bahrain/ Danmark
Akora ubuvugizi muri politike
Maryam Al-Khawaja ni imboneza iharanira amahinduka muri Barhain n'ahandi mu karere ko mu 'kigobe ca Persique',
Igikorwa ciwe kiri mu ntumbero yo kwerekana ibibazo vyo guhungabanya agateka ka zina muntu, cane cane mu kuvugira se wiwe Abdulhadi Al-Khawaja ko yorekurwa, biciye mw'isekeza yakoreshejemwo agatsindagirajambo #FeeAlKhawaja, Ni umuntu azwi cane mu baharanira uburenganzira w'abandi yapfunzwe azira ivyiyumviro vyiwe, akaba yakatiwe umunyororo w'ubuzima bwose, inyuma yo kuja mu myiyerekano yo guharanira demokarasi muri Bahrain mu 2011.
Al-Khawaja yaragize uruhara mumigwi itandukanye harimwo Civicus na 'International Service for Human Rights', akaba yaragize uruhara mu wundi muhari FRIDA uharanira uburenganzira bw'igitsina gore, n'umuhari w'abaganga baharanira agateka ka zina muntu.
Shamsa Araweelo, Somalia/ Ubwongereza
Aharanira gukura umuco wo gukata ku gitsina abagore
Asunitswe n'ishaka ryo kurangiza umuco wo gukata ku gihimba c' irondoka c'abana b'abakobwa (Mutulation genitale), Shamsa Araweelo arigisha agahimiriza abantu akoresheje umurongo abantu bahamagarako, canke amasanamu ya video ashira ku rubuga rwa internet.
Araweelo yavukiye muri Somalia,ariko ubu aba mu Bwongereza. Ku myaka itandatu nawe yakaswe ku gihimba c'irondoka, umuco ukoregwa abana b'abakobwa ata mpamvu z'amagara yabo zibitumye.
Biciye ku banywanyi afise ku rubuga rwa Tiktok bagera ku miliyoni 70, ashaka ko ata n'umwe yosigara adafise amakuru.
Muri kino gihe afasha abafise akabira k'Ubwongereza bagumijwe hanze y'igihugu bazira ihohotera rifatiye ku 'kwanka gukozwa isoni bishingiyeku gutsimbatara ku muco''. Aragira n'inama igipolisi ca London mu kurwanya uwo muco wo kugenyera ibice vy'igitsina gore, ndetse yanashinze ikigo yise 'Garden of Peace'.
Yasmina Benslimane, Maroc
Yashinze 'Politics4Her'
Yasmina Benslmane yishinze guharanira uburinganire hagati y'abantu b'igitsinagabo n'igitsinagore, ashinga umuhari 'Politics4Her', wihaye intumbero yo gukangurira abagore bakiri bato n'abakobwa kuja mu nzego zifata ingingo no muri politike.
Igihe Nyamugigima yaduka mu gihugu c'amavuko yiwe ca Maroc mu kwezi kw'icenda, Benslimane n'umuhari wiwe bahamagariye abari mu bikorwa vy'ubutabazi, kubikora bazirikana ubutandukane bw'ibikenewe bushingiye ku gitsina.
Yasohoye urwandiko rugaragaza ibibazo bishobora kubangamira abagore n'abakobwa gusumba mu bihe vy'akaga, nk'ubukene bufatiye ku butinyanka canke gushingirwa ku gahato.
Nk'umuhanuzi w'abandi, umujanama akaba no mu manama mpanuzwajambo y'amashirahamwe adaharanira ivyicaro vya politike, arafasha abagore bakiri bato kwiyungura ubumenyi mu bijanye n'uburongozi bwiza. Ibikorwa vyiwe vyatumye aronka agashimwe ka ONU kagenwe abagore bagize uruhara mu kuzana amahoro (Women peacebuilder award)
Alicia Cahuiya, Ecuador/ Equateur
Aharanira uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka
Nka kizigenza mu baharanira gukingira akarere k'ishamba cimeza rya Amazon kari ku ruhande rw'igihugu ca Ecuador, Aliacia Cahuiya yagize intsinzi ikomeye uyu mwaka.
Mu matora ya kamarampaka yabaye intibagiranwa mu mateka ya Ecuador mu kwezi kw'umunani, Abanya Ecuador baratoye ingingo yo guhagarika amariba y'ibikomoka kuri peterori mashasha yose yari gucukurwa mw'ishamba rikingiye rya 'Yasuni National Park', ingingo isigura ko ikigo kijejwe gucukura ibitoro giheza kigahagarika ibikorwa vyaco muri ako karere kari mu twa mbere kw'isi turangwamwo ubutunzi bw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, kakaba n'urusago rw'abasangwabutaka batarigera bahura n'abandi bantu bo kw'isi.
Cahuia yavukiye muri Yasuni, akaba ari umurongozi w'igice bita igihugu ca Waorani,akaba yari amaze imyaka irenga cumi aharanira iyo kamarampaka.
Asanzwe ari umukuru w'igisata c'abagore mu runani rw'imigwi y'abasangwabutaka yo muri Ecuador.
Ihindagurika ry'ibihe ryatumye ibintu bihinduka cane kuri twebwe, bitera imyuzuri, vyonona imirima yacu. Iyo haje uruzuba rugatera umwumira, igice kinini c'ibifungurwa vyacu kirononekara, ari nako bitera akababaro kenshi, kubera abantu baba bashize inguvu nyinshi mu kurima, ariko bakarimarima.
Alicia Cahuiya
Amal Clooney, Ubwongereza/Libani
Umushingwamanza aharanira agateka ka zina muntu
Amal Clooney ni umushingwamanza aharanira agateka ka zina muntu, amaze imyaka irenga 20 aburanira abarenganijwe.
Imanza yaburanye zirimwo izo ivyaha vyo gusinzikaza ubuzima bwa kiremwa- muntu muri Armenia na Ukraine, n'ihohotera ry'abagore rifatiye ku gitsina muri Malawi na Kenya.
Mu vyo amaze kurangura harimwo guserukira abahuye n'abarwanyi ba Islamic State n'umukuru w'abarwanyi bo muri Darfur. Yarafashije kurekuza abanyamakuru n'abandi banyororo ba politike bahohotewe n'ubutegetsi bw'igikenye butandukanye.
Ni umwigisha muri kaminuza ya Columbia mu gisata c'amategeko, akaba yafashanije n'abandi gushinga ishirahamwe 'Clooney Foundation for Justice', rifasha ku buntu abarenganijwe mu bijanye n'agateka ka zina muntu mu bihugu birenga 40.
Dehenna Davison, Ubwongereza
Umushingamateka
Muri 2019, Dehenna Davison yabaye umushingamateka wa mbere wo mu muhari w'aba Conservatives aturuka muri Bishop Auckland kuva ako karere gashirwaho mu 1885. Yabaye n'umunyamabanga mu bushikiranganji ajejwe uburinganire, aho yashimikiye cane cane ku kwitaho guha amahigwe abakene yo guhindura imibereho no kunagura.
Yatanze imihoho nk'umunyamabanga mu bushikiranganji mu kwezi kw' icenda 2023, aho yavugiye ahagaragara ikibazo yari afise c'amagara gishingiye ku kumeneka umutwe udahera (Migraine chronique)
Igihe Davison yari afise imyaka 13, se wiwe yishwe n'ingumu imwe gusa, bituma ashaka inzira yo kwinjira muri politike. Niwe yashinze umugwi uhurikiyemwo imigambwe yose mu nama nshingamateka, wo kurwanya ubukozi bw'ikibi bwo gukubita umuntu igipfunsi atawe ariye urwara, atanguza n'isekeza yise 'One Punch Uk' ryo kurondera ubutungane no guhindura amategeko mu nzira yo gukurikirana benabo basotoranyi.
Yanakurikiranye gushiraho inzira zo kuvura abarwaye umutwe udakira (migraine) no gushiraho uburyo bwokoreshwa mu bushakashatsi ku ngwara ya cancer yo mw'ibere itangurira mw'imoko.
Christiana Figueres, Costa Rica
Ashinzwe imigenderanire, n'umuhinga mu biganiro kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Igihe ibiganiro vyatangura mu 2009 mu nama y'abaserukira ibihugu kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe i Copenhagen, Christina Figures yajanywe no gutorera umuti ikibazo.
Yagenywe nk'umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w'umugwi w'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU ukurikirana ikibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe -UNFCCC, Figueres yamaze imyaka itandatu akurikira iyo nama, atunganya integuro yofasha ibihugu kwumvikana ku mugambi umwe wo gukemura ico kibazo c'ingaruka z''ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Bivuye ku ruhara rwiwe muri ico gikorwa, intumwa hafi 200 zashize igikumu ku masezerano y' i Paris yo 2015, yafashwe nk'isemo ihambaye, amasezerano yavuyemwo intego yo gucungana n'uko urugero rwo kwiyongera kw'ubushuhe kw'isi muri rusangi ruguma munsi cane ya degre celcius zibiri (2.0C) bagereranije n'uko vyari vyifashe imbere y'igihe c'umuzo w'iterambere rishingiye ku nganda.
Figueres yarafashije gushinga ikigo 'Global Optimism' cishinze gukorana n'abashora imitahe mu ntumbero yo guhitamwo inzira zidateza ingorane zifatiye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Rimwe na rimwe mba numva ndengewe n'umubabaro ngatsikamikwa n'umutima undemereye, bikananira kugira ico nkoze. Ibindi bihe nkumva agashavu kaduze nkarengerwa n'amarangamutima ngashaka kwivumbura ngo ngire ico ndabikozeko. Ariko iyo iminsi ari myiza, nkoresha uwo mubabaro n'agahinda, nkabihindura ishaka rikomeye ryo gukoresha intege, gukunda no kwitega umunezero, mu gufasha kurema isi nziza twese twifuza kubamwo abana bacu n'abazobakomokako.
Christiana Figueres
Bella Galhos, East Timor/ Timor y'ubuseruko
Aharanira uburenganzira bwa politike
Uyu munyapolitike avuga atarya umunwa, yagize uruhara rukomeye mu guhindura Timor y'ubuseruko, izwi nka Timor-Leste, haba imbere canke inyuma y'aho ico gihugu kironkeye ubwigenge kikikukira kuri Indonesia mu 2002.
Mu myaka yamaze mu buhungiro, yagenze amahanga avugira ubwigenge bw'abantu biwe bo muri Timor y'ubuseruko. Amaze kugaruka muri Timor y'ubuseruko, inyuma y'ubwigenge, Galhos yagize uruhara mu gusanura ico gihugu cari caragizwe umusaka n'indyane zahamaze imyaka igera ku mirongo, ibice 50% vy'abanyagihugu bagasigara mu bukene butagira izina.
Mu 2015 yatanguje ishure rya Leublora Gree School, rishira imbere iterambere rirama, kandi rigafasha n'abana guharanira amahinduka.
Galhos muri kino gihe ni umuhanuzi wa perezida wa Timor y'ubuseruko, ahanini mu bijanye no gushigikira abagore mu butunzi no kuba ijwi ry'abo mu migwi y'aba LGBTQ+ irimwo abahuza ibitsina bisa.
Rina Gonoi, Ubuyapani
Yabaye intwazangabo mu gisirikare
Abasirikare b'abagore bafashije Rina Gonoi agifise imyaka 11 igihe co guhunga inyuma ya nyamugigima n'ikiza ca tsunami, mu nyuma agira indoto zo kuja mu nteko z'Ubuyapani zo kwikingira umutekano.
Yabaye intwazangabo, ariko indoto zo mu bwana bwiwe zaburijwemwo igihe yahura n'ibibazo vy'ihohotera rifatiye ku gitsina 'vya buri munsi'.
Gonoi yavuye mu gisirikare mu 2022, atanguza urugamba rwo guharanira ko ico kibazo c'ihohotera kija ku mugaragaro kandi kikagira ico gikozweko. Ariko ni igikorwa kitoroshe muri sosiyete yiharijwe n'abagabo aho abakorewe ihohotera rifatiye ku gitsina bahura n'ingorane zikomeye baramutse bubahutse kuvuga.
Ikibazo ciwe catumye igisirikare gifata ingingo yo kwikorako amatohoza, yatumye haboneka ibindi birego bigera ku 100 bijanye n'ihohotera. Ubushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi mu nyuma basavye imbabazi Gonoi.
Sonia Guajajara, Brezil
Icegera c'umushikiranganji wa leta
Sonia Guajajara ni umuntu azwi cane mu muhari uriko urakura muri Brezil w'abasangwabutaka, akaba yabaye uwa mbere atowe aturutse mu basangwabutaka kubaserukira muri leta, n'ingingo y'umukuru w'igihugu mushasha Lula da Silva yashimagijwe cane.
Yiyemeje intambara yo kurwanya ivyaha bishingiye ku guhungabanya ibidukikije nk'intego yiwe ya mbere.
Guajajara yavute ku bavyeyi batize muri Araribóia mu karere ka Amazon, aho yagize uruhara rw'imbere mu kwerekana ingene ihindagurika ry'ibihe rishobora guteza ibiza rigahungabanya ibidukikije.
Yize amashure y'indimi, akora akazi k'ubuvuzi aba n'umwigisha, mu nyuma atangura urugamba rw'ubuvugizi. Mu 2022 yabaye umusangwabutaka wa mbere atowe mu nama nshingamateka muri leta ya São Paulo.
Dutegerezwa kwiyumvira uko dushira imbere ubutungane bushingiye ku bidukikije no kurwanya ikumira rifatiye ku rukoba rishingiye ku bidukikije, kuko abantu bashobora gukingira neza ibidukikije nibo bashikirwa n'ingaruka zishingiye ku guhona kwavyo. Twebwe nk'abasangwabutaka, turi abacunzi b'ibinyabuzima n'ubuzima.
Sonia Guajajara
Renita Holmes, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Avugira abakeneye uburaro
Umupfasoni Renita Holmes ni uwo mu gace ka Little Haiti muri Miami, akaba ari umuyobozi w'ikigo yashinze yise 'Our Homes', kiraba ivyo uburaro muri leta ya Florida muri Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.
Aharanira uburenganzira bwo kuronka uburaro ku miryango yakumiriwe n'iyahuye n'ivyago vy'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, mu gihe iduga ry'urugero rw'amazi yo mu kiyaga, rituma amazu ari kure y'inkengera z'ikiyaga, agaciro kayo kaduga ,agatera azimba.
Holmes n'umuntu ageze mu busaza kandi abana n'ubumuga, yakuze arezwe na nyina wenyene mu muryango w'abana 11.
Ari mu bakurikiranye icirwa co mu kigo Cleo Institute', gifasha gukangurira ibikorwa vyo gukumira ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, rifatiye ku burezi bwisunga ubushakashatsi, 'Empowering Resilient Women Programme'. Afasha ibigo bijejwe kuranga amazu, mu bibazo bishikira abagore b'Abanyamerika bafise amamuko yo muri Afrika, ndetse n'abagore bo mu turere dukenye two hagati mu miji.
Dufise icizere ko bizogera aho vyemerwa ko, nk'abagore, dufitanye imigenderanire idasanzwe n'isi ivyara ibidutunze. Dufise kwihangana, turakomeye, tubereyeho kubungabunga ubuzima, turashitsa ivyo twifuje gukora kandi tukitaho abandi.
Renita Holmes
Nataša Kandić, Serbia
Umushingwamanza, aharanira uburenganzira bwa kiremwa muntu
Kuva intambara itanguye mu cahoze ari Yugoslavia mu myaka ya mbere ya za 1990, Natasa Kandic yagumye yegeranya amakuru yerekeye ivyaha vyo mu ntambara birimwo gufata abagore ku nguvu, iyicarubozo, kwica no kunyuruza abantu.
Yahagarariye imiryango y'abahuye n'ivyo vyaha baturuka mu moko yose, imbere y'uko sentare yashizweho guca imanza z'ivyo vyaha vyo mu ntambara ishingwa i Belgrade, kandi yari mu mugwi watohoje kuri politike ya leta ya Serbia ku karere ka Kosovo, y'uwari igihangange ico gihe, Slobodan Milosevic.
Kandic niwe yashinze ikigo c'abashingwamanza bishinze gukurikirana iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko mu bihe vy'intambara, 'Humanitarian Law Center, cashimwe kenshi ku bikorwa vyaco vy'amatohoza ataho yegamiye ku vyaha vyo mu ntambara.
Yafashije gutunganya urunani 'RECOM Reconcilliation Network', rufasha kurondera kumenya ukuri ku vyabaye mu ntambara zo mu karere ka Balkan, zahitanye abantu bagereranywa mu 130,000.
Rukshana Kapali, Nepal
Aharanira gufasha abakeneye uburaro
Rukshana Kapati aturuka mu mugwi w'abasangwabutaka bo muri leta ya Newa muri Nepal, avugira uburenganzira bw'abatiyumva mu gitsina bavukanye (transgender) ntivyamworoheye kurondera amakuru yerekeye umwirondoro igihe yari acaruka.
Yatanguye urugendo rwa wenyene rwo kwiyigisha ibijanye uburinganire, gushigikira no kwemera imigwi y'abantu mu budasa bwabo, ndetse n'ibindi bibazo bifatiye ku gitsina. Yatanguye kugaragara muri uwo mugambi akiri umuyabaga kandi yakomeje kuvugira abandi akoresheje imbuga hwaniro ku bibazo vy'uburenganzira bw'imigwi y'abahuza ibitsina bisa.
Ubu ageze mu mwaka wa gatatu wa kaminuza mu vyigwa vy'amategeko akanakurikiranira hafi uko igikorwa co kwemeza uburenganzira bw'abo mu migwi y'aba LGBTQ+ mu mategeko asanzwe no mw'ibwirizwanshingiro kiriko kiragenda muri Nepal.
Kapali aturuka mu bwoko bw'aba Jugi, bakumiriwe muri leta ya Newa, akanaharanira kurwanya kwirukana ku gahato abo mu bwoko bw'aba Jugi mu matongo yabo barazwe na ba sekuruza.
Sofia Kosacheva, Uburusiya
Ajejwe ubutabazi mu gihe c'amasanganya y'umuriro
Yahoze ari umwigisha mu kuririmba umuziki wa 'Opera', ariko Sofia Kosacheva yaronse uwundi muhamagaro igihe yahura n'umugwi w'abajejwe kuzimya imiriro mu 2010.
Ubwiwe yahavuye aba umwe mu bajejwe gutabara igihe c'imiriro, ashiraho umugwi w'abantu b'abakorerabushake bajejwe kuzimya imiriro ya nyakanga mu Burusiya. Ibi vyatumye havuka imigwi igera kuri 25 hirya no hino mu gihugu.
Yarafashije kuzimya imiriro iharugwa mu majana hirya no hino mu Burusiya, kandi yakoranye n'ishirahamwe Greenpeace, gushika igihe iryo shirahamwe ritunzwe agatoke ko ritifuzwa mu gihugu, ishami ririkukira rikugarwa mu Burusiya.
Kosacheva yaranashinze urubuga ngurukanabumenyi ruhuza abakorerabushake barwanya imiriro y'amashamba, urubuga rufatwa ko arirwo rwashoboye kwegeranya amakuru yose mu Burusiya yerekeye gukinga no kugenzura imiriro ya nyakanga.
N'aho ikibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe kigwira nk'akaranda, gushika ku ntambwe zikomeye vyama bihera ku ntambwe ntonto. Bishobora kugaragara nk'aho ico dushoboye ari gito cane ugereranije n'ibikenewe guhinduka ku rwego rusangi rw'isi, ariko dutegerezwa gutangura guhindura ivyo dushobora, aho duherereye ubwacu.
Sofia Kosacheva
Monica McWilliams, Ubwongereza
Yahoze muri politike no mu biganiro vy'amahoro
Uyu mwaka ugize 25 kuva Ireland ya ruguru ishize igikumu ku masezerano yiswe ' Good Friday Agreement', amasezerano Monica McWilliams yagizemwo uruhara ruhambaye nka kizigenza mu biganiro vy'imigambwe myinshi yakomotseko.
Yafashije gushinga urunani Northern Ireland Women's coalition, umugambwe washoboye kurengera amacakubiri, uzana intererano ikomeye mu masezerano y'amahoro.
Yatowe mu nama nshingamateka ya Northern Ireland agenwa no kuba umukuru w'umugwi ujejwe agateka ka zina muntu muri Northern Ireland, atanguza n'integuro y'itegeko ku bureganzira bwa Northern Ireland.
McWilliams muri kino gihe ajejwe amabanga yo kuba umukuru w'umugwi ujejwe gusambura imitwe yitwaje ibirwanisho, akaba amaze gusohora inzandiko nyinshi ku mabi akorerwa abagore.
Najla Mohamed-Lamin, Sahara y'uburengero
Aharanira uburenganzira bw'abakenyezi no kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Najla Mohamed-Lamin yashinze Isomero ry'ibitabo rya Almasar, akaba yifuza kuronsa ubumenyi abagore n'abana ku bijanye n'amagara y'abantu hamwe n'ibidukikije mu makambi y'impunzi yo mu karere ka Saharawi yo mu bumanuko bushira uburengero bwa Algeria.
Ubwa kera akarere ka Sahara y'uburengero, kahoze ari icibare ca Espagne ku ntwaro ya gikoloni kigaruriwe n'igihugu ca Maroc kuva mu 1975, umuryango wiwe vyabaye ngombwa ko uhunga indyane.
Mohamed-Lamin yavukiye mu makambi y'impunzi, yiga icongereza akiri umuyabaga, agasobanurira ururimi intumwa z'abanyamahanga, kandi yarashoboye kwiga hanze abicishije mu kwegeranya intererano y'amahera y'ishure akoresheje ubuhinga ngurukanabumenyi (crowdfunding).
Inyuma yo kuronka impamyabumenyi mu vyigwa vy'iterambere rirama n'ibibazo vy'abagore, yasubiye mu gihugu mu makambi gufasha izindi mpunzi ziharugwa mu 200.000 mu makambi ya Saharawi, guhangana n'ibibazo vy'ubukene bw'amazi n'ibifungurwa vyakomeje kuba ndanse biturutse kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Dutegerezwa guhangana n'inkurikizi z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu karere k'ubugararwa, aho uburaro bwacu busambuka kubera imyuzuri n'isegenya y'umusenyi, kandi abantu bacu bahanzwe n'urugero rw'ubushuhe ruguma ruhinduka. Ibi vyose bikaba mu gihe abantu bacu ata ruhara na rumwe bagize murizi ngaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Najla Mohamed-Lamin
Ulanda Mtamba, Malawi
Arwanya kurungika abana b'abakobwa korongorwa bataragera
Ulanda Mtamba yakuriye Lilongwe, muri Malawi, mu kibano kititayeho uburezi bw'abana b'abakobwa, aho abenshi mu bakorwa bahimirizwa guheba ishure ngo baje kurongorwa batarakwiza imyaka 18.
Mtamba yashatse guhindura iyo nyifato mu kibano, kandi ntiyashitse kukurangiza kaminuza gusa, ahubwo yaronse n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yo ku rwego rwa Master's.
Ubu aharanira guhindura amategeko ahari hakaboneka ayokingira abakobwa gushingirwa batageze mu bigero, hamwe no kwongereza uburyo bushirwa mu kurwanya ingaruka z'amagara y'abavyayi zifatiye ku gusama batarashika mu bigero.
Muri kino gihe niwe ahagarariye 'AGE Africa' mu gihugu ca Malawi, ishirahamwe riharanira uburinganire ku burenganzira bwo gushika mu mashure makuru ku bakobwa bose bo ku mugabane wa Afrika.
Tamar Museridze, Georgia
Umunyamakuru
Icamamare kuri Tereviziyo, isura ya Tamar Museridze, azwi ku gatazirano ka Tamuna, irazwi cane muri Georgia mw'itangazamakuru rya leta kuva agifise imyaka 18, ariko ubuzima bwiwe bwahindutse cane afise imyaka 31, igihe yamenya ko yakuze ari umwana w'umurerano.
Yahevye vyose, yiha inshingano yo kurondera abavyeyi biwe, ari naho yamenya ko urudandazwa rwa magendu rw'abashaka abana b'abarerano rwabayeho kuva mu myaka ya 1950 muri Georgia.
Yashizeho urubuga rwa Facebook yise 'I'm searching' (Ndarondeza) rwatumye ikibazo c'abana bajanwa kuregwa mu buryo budakurikije amategeko kivugwa cane mu gihugu, cane cane abana bonkorwa kuri ba nyina bakivuka mu bitaro vyo kwakira abavyeyi (maternité).
Ishirahamwe rya Museridze ryafashije imiryango iharurwa mu majana gusubirana abana babo, ariko aracarondera umuryango wiwe.
Michelle Obama, Leta zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika
Umushingwamanza, umwanditsi n'umukangurambaga
Umutambukanyi w'uwahoze ari umukuru w'igihugu wa Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Michelle Obama niwe yatanguje urunani 'Girls opportunity Alliance', rufasha amashirahamwe yo ku nzego zo hasi akora mu gufasha abakobwa kuronka uburezi bakwiye.
Ibi vyubakiye ku ciyumviro Let Girls Learn catangujwe na muka Obama nk'umutambukanyi w'umukuru w'igihugu, co gukoresha ingendo ya leta yo gufasha abayabaga hirya no hino kw'isi kuronka uburezi bwiza.
Nk'umutambukanyi w'umukuru w'igihugu, yatanguje iyindi migambi itatu: 'Let's Move!', umugambi wo gufasha abavyeyi kwitaho amagara meza y'abana, 'Joining Forces', umugambi wafasha abahoze mu gisirikare, imiryango yabo; hamwe na 'Reach Higher', umugambi agikorera n'ubu, uhimiriza abakiri bato kuja muri kaminuza.
Sepideh Rashnu, Iran
Umwanditsi n'umuhinga mu tugenegene
Sepiden Rashnu yabaye rurangiranwa muri Iran kubera kutarya umunwa mu kwiyamiriza itegeko ryo kwambara umwitwikiro.
Inyuma y'impari yagiranye muri bisi n'umugore yariko agenzura iyubahirizwa ry'itegeko ryo gutwikira umutwe, yaratawe muri yompi.
Igihe yari mu gasho, yabonetse kuri tereviziyo y'igihugu afise igipfupfuri mu maso, 'asaba imbabazi' ku nyifato yiwe. Aho hari mu kwezi kw'indwi muri 2022, inyuma y'indwi zikeyi urupfu rwa Mahsa Amini yaguye mu gasho k'igipolisi kijejwe kwubahiriza inyifato n'umuco, yari afise imyaka 22.
Mu ntango z'uyu mwaka, Rashnu yarashengejwe inyuma yo gusangiza ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi amafoto yiwe atambaye umwitwikiro.
Muri kino gihe aridegemvya kandi akomeza kwinuba kubahiriza ku gahato, kwambara umwitwikiro.
Bernadette Smith, Turtle Island/ Canada
Umushingwamanza afasha imiryango y'abantu baburiwe irengero
Inyuma y'aho uwo bavukana aburiwe irengero mu 2008, Bernadette Smith yarondeye inyishu ubudahumeka.
Yahavuye aba kizigenza mu bavugira imiryango y'abantu baburiwe irengero n'abishwe b'abagore n'abakobwa mu miryango y'abasangwabutaka hirya no hino muri Canada, ashiraho urunani rufasha gutunganya ibikorwa no gutorera umuti ibibazo vyabo.
Yafashije kandi gushiraho umuryango 'Drag the Red', wishinze kurondeza ibiziga mu ruzi Red River, canke ibimenyetso vy'abantu baburiwe irengero.
Smith aheruka gutorwa mu nama nshingamateka ya Manitoba, mu kiringo kigira ica gatatu, akaba yanditse amateka nk'uwambere mu bagore babiri baturuka mu basangwabutaka, bashinzwe amabanga yo guserukira leta mu ntara. Ubu ajejwe bibazo vy'uburaro (Housing), ivyo abatagira uburaro (Homelessness) canke abatwawe n'irari ry'ibiboreza (addiction).
Iryna Stavchuk, Ukraine
Umujanama mu migambi ijanye n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe
Nk'indongozi y'umuhinga mw'itunganywa ry'imigambi ishingiye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, Iryna Stavchuk aherutse guhamvya ikigo c'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya ku bijanye n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe (European Climate Foundation) aho ajejwe gutunganya imigambi yerekeye Ukraine muri ico kigo, intumbero yiwe nyamukuru akaba ari ugutora inyishu ku kibazo co kunagura ico gihugu inyuma y'intambara, inyishu ziyubara ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Imbere yo gushingwa ayo mabanga, yarakoreye leta ya Ukraine nk'icegera c'umushikiranganji ajejwe ibidukikije kuva mu 2019 gushika mu 2022, aho yari ajejwe imigambi yerekeye ihindagurika ry'ibihe, kwinjira mu Bumwe bwa Bulaya, imigenderanire n'amakungu hamwe n'ibinyabuzima.
Stavchuk asanzwe kandi yarafashije gushinga ibigo bibiri bikomeye vyitaho ibidukikije, 'Ecoaction' na 'Kyiv Cyclists' Association' (U-Cycle) akaba yarahuje imigwi yo mu karere y'amashirahamwe yigenga ya sosiyete sivire, yitaho ibibazo vy'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Igikorwa cacu n'ugukora uko dushoboye mu kibanza no mu gihe cacu turimwo. Ndemeranya n'amajambo y'umutagatifu Francois d'Assise, yagize ati:"Tangurira ku gukora ibikenewe, hanyuma usubire ku gukora ibishoboka, hato bidatevye uzokora n'ibitashoboka"
Iryna Stavchuk
Gloria Steinem, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Imboneza y'uburenganzira bw'abagore
Nk'imboneza mu gikorwa co guharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore catanguye kuva mu myaka ya 1970, uruhara rwa Gloria Steinem rwamenyekanye hirya no hino kw'isi uko urungano rwabisa urundi.
Steinem yakoze ku bibazo vy'uburinganire nk'umuvugizi, umunyamakuru, umwanditsi, umwigisha muri kaminuza n'umuvugizi mw'itangazamakuru.
Yanafashije gushinga ikinyamakuru 'Ms', catanguye mu 1971 n'ubu kigisohoka, gifatwa nk'icabaye ica mbere muri Amerika cashize ahabona ibikorwa mu guharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore.
Ku myaka 89, Steinem abandanya igikorwa ciwe co guharanira isi irangwa n'ubutungane mu gushigikira amashirahamwe n'ibigo biharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore harimwo 'Women's Media Center', urunani 'ERA Coalition' na 'Equality Now'.
Summia Tora, Afghanistan
Aharanira uburenganzira bw'impunzi
Dosti Network ni ishirahamwe ryishinze guha uburyo bukenewe n'amakuru abanya Afghanistan, baba abari mu gihugu canke abagiye hanze nk'impunzi, ryatangujwe kuva aba Taliban bisubije ubutegetsi mu 2021.
Nk'impunzi y'umunya Afghanistan ubwiwe, Summia Tora aratahura ibibazo abataye izabo babayemwo.
Igikorwa ciwe gishingiye ku guha impunzi aho zishobora gutangurira ubuzima bushasha bw'inyuma y'ubuhunzi, no gusubira mu mashure ku banyeshure bahuye n'ingaruka z'indyane.
Kubera kwemera ubushobozi bwo guhindura ubuzima ubumenyi bushobora kuzana, Tora yakoranye n'amashirahamwe nka ONU, Ibanki y'isi n'ikigo Malala Fund, hamwe na Schimidt Futures. Muri iyo migenderanire, yabaye imboneza mu gushoboza gusubira mw'ishure abagore n'abakobwa b'impunzi n'abandi bari mu bibazo vyihutirwa.
Xu Zaozao, Ubushinwa
Aharanira ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwo kubika imbuto z'irondoka z'abagore
Mu 2018, yashatse kubika biciye mu gukanyisha amagi y'irondoka ryiwe mu bitaro vya leta vyo muri Beijing. Ariko Xu Zaozao, yabariwe ko atashobora guhabwa ubwo burenganzira nk'umugore atubatse, bwagenewe imiryango y'abubakanye mu Bushinwa.
Yagiye kwitwarira ivyo bitaro ubwa mbere, ku kibazo c'uburenganzira bw'abagore batubatse mu Bushinwa, bwo kubika imbuto zabo.
Urwo rugamba rw'amategeko, yatanguje mu kwezi kwa cumi na kabiri mu 2019, rwaravuzwe cane mu binyamakuru mu gihe mu gihugu hari ikibazo c'urugero ruto cane rw'imvyaro.
Ingingo ya nyuma y'urubanza n'ubu iracarindiriwe, ariko ikibazo ca Xu carizwe n'abarimu ba za kaminuza mu gisata c'amategeko, ubuganga n'inyifato. Iki gihe, akomeza kuba umuvugizi ku burenganizra bwo kwibaruka ku bagore batubatse, n'ubwigenge ku mubiri wabo.
Ubumenyi, amagara y'abantu n'ubuhinga bwa none
Basima Abdulrahman , Iraq
Umugwizatunga akoresha inyubako zitonona ibidukikije
Mu 2014, Igihe umugwi witwa Islamic State wifatira ibice bimwe bimwe vya Irak, Basima Abdulrahman yiga muri kaminuza muri Amerika.
Ibisagara vyinshi muri Irak vyarasambutse kubera iyo ntambara, ariko igihe Abdulrahman yasubira mu gihugu, ajanye impamyabumenyi yo ku rwego rwa Masters mu gutunganya inyubako, yahabonye inzira yo gufasha.
Yashinze KESK, umugambi wa mbere wa Irak wiyemeje gutunganya inyubako mu bikoresho bitonona ibidukikije. Yasanze gushiraho inyubako zidatwara uburyo bufise ingaruka ku bidukikije bisaba guhuza ubuhinga bwa none bwo kuronka amasoko ntanganguvu atonona isi n'ibinyabuzima, no gukoresha ubuhinga bwakoreshwa mu kwubaka kera muri Irak.
Yihaye intumbero yo kubona ko inyubako za none zitabangamira imibereho myiza y'abazokwaruka muri kazoza.
Mba nfise umwitwarariko ku kibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe. Simpengeshanya kwibaza ingene uwariwe wese aryama agasinzira, ata ruhara aterera mu kugabanya impungenge z'ingaruka zaryo.
Basima Abdulrahman
Astrid Linder , Suede
Umwigisha ku bijanye n'umutekano wo mw'ibarabara
Hashize imyaka iharugwa mu mirongo inganda zikora imodokari zikoresha ibipupe bibumbwe mu kwigana umubiri w'abantu b'abagabo, mu gupima ibishobora gushikira umuntu iyo imodokari igonze. Ivyo biri uko mu gihe ibiharuro bigaragaza ko abagore bageramiwe no gukomerekera mu masanganya canke gupfa gusumba abagabo mu gihe habaye isanganya.
Umu injeniyeri Astrid Linder yakoze mu nzira yo guhindura ivyo, aho yayoboye umugambi wo gukora igipupe cigana umubiri w'umugore agereranye, gikoreshwa mu gusuzuma ibishobora kuba mugihe c'isanganya. ico gipupe cabumbwe mu buryo bwigana imero y'umubiri w'igitsina gore.
Uyu mwigisha ku mutekano wo mw'ibarabara mu kigo c'inyigisho n'ubushakashatsi ku bijanye no gutwara abantu n'ibintu muri Suede: Swedish National Road and Transport Research Intisitute (VTI) akaba n'icegera c'umwigisha muri kaminuza ya Chalmers. Linder ni n'umuhinga mu bumenyi bw'inguvu z'ibinyabuzima, no kuzitira ibituma abantu bashobora gukomerekera mu ngendo zo mu mabarabara.
Timnit Gebru , Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Umuhinga mu ikoreshwa ry'ubwenge bw'ubukorano (Artificial intelligence)
Uyu muhinga w'imboneza mw'ikoreshwa rya nyabwonko/ mudasobwa, yibanda ku buhinga bwa none bukoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano (intelligence artificielle) niwe yashize ikigo DAIR (Distributed Artificial Intelligence Research Institute) kijejwe ubushakashatsi muri ubwo buhinga. Iki kigo DAIR abereye umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa, cashizweho nk'ikibanza cigenga, gikorerwamwo ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku bwenge bw'ubukorano bukoreshwa mu banyagihugu bo mu nzego zo hasi, ataho bihuriye n'ibigo bikomakomeye vy' ubuhinga bwa none.
Yaraneguye cane ivangura rifatiye ku rukoba mu gukora ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga nka za terefone zifashisha mu kwuguruka zibanje kumenya isura ya nyenezo (azirabishije mu maso), ashiraho ikigo kidakorera inyungu gituma n'abirabure bitwararikwa mw'ikoreshwa ry'ubwo bwenge bw'ubukorano AI.
Uyu muhinga mw'ikoreshwa rya nyabwonko/ mudasobwa, yavukiye muri Ethiopia, ari no mu kigo ca AddisCoder, cigisha abanyeshure gukora za porogarama.
Igihe yakorana n'umuyobozi w'umugwi ujejwe kubahiriza inyifato nziza mw'ikoreshwa ry'ubwo bwenge butari karemano mu kigo ca Google mu 2020, yafashije gutegura urwandiko rwatumye havyuka ibibazo ku ndimi zikoreshwa n'ubwo buhinga bwa AI, harimwo ikibazo c'uburyo ubwo buhinga bukumira uturere tumwe tumwe n'imigwi ya banyamuke n'abasizwe inyuma.
Ico cegeranyo catumye ava muri ico kigo, muri ico gihe, ico kigo cavuze ko ico cegeranyo cirengagije agaciro k'ubundi bushakashatsi bwari bwarakozwe kuri ico kibazo, kinemeza ko Gebru yatanze imihoho. Ariko Gebru yavuze ko yari yirukanywe kubera yagaragaje ibibazo vy'ikumira mu kazi.
Amina Ai-Bish, Syria
Umukorerabushake ajejwe ibikorwa vy'ubutabazi
Igihe intambara hagati y'abavukagihugu yakomera muri Syria muri 2017, Amina Al-Bish yafashe ingingo yo kuba umugore wa mbere mu bakorerabushake b'abanyagihugu basanzwe bafashe umuheto bo mu mugwi 'Syria Civil Defence', uzwi kandi nka ' White Helmets', ajanywe n'icifuzo co kuramira ubuzima bw'abanyagihugu bakomeretse no gutanga ubutabazi bw' intango (First aid).
Mu nyuma Amina yarafashije gutabara mu gihe ca nyamugigima zashikiye ibihugu vya Syria na Turukiya mu 2023, vyasanganguye mu kibano c'umuryango wiwe,abiwe bagasigara baryamye munsi y'ibihomoka vy'inyubakwa zasenyutse.
Muri kino gihe, Al-Bish ariko akora mu ntumbero yo kunagura ubuzima bw'abagore bo mu kibano ciwe mu buraruko bwa Syria, aho intambara n'ubu zikibandanya. Ariko yigira impamyabumenyi mu bijanye no gutunganya intwaro, aho avuga ko indoto yiwe ari kugira uruhara mu kwubaka igihugu ca Syria kirangwamwo amahoro.
Sara Al-Saqqa, Uturere tw'abanya Palestina
Umuganga yize ubuhinga bwo kubaga/gukora
Dr Sara Al-Saqqa, umugore w'umuganga w'umuhinga mu kubaga wa mbere mu karere ka Gaza, akorera ibitaro bikuru biruta vyose vya Al-Shifa.
Yakoresheje urubuga rwiwe rwa Instagram yegeranya amakuru yose y'ivyo yaciyemwo nk'umuganga igihe yariko yakira abantu mu gihe c'itambara. Ibitaro vya Al-Shifa vyarakozweko cane n'intambara igihe Israel yakurikirana umuhari Hamas.
Al-Saqqa yakomeza kwandika amakuru ajanye n'ibura ry'umuyagankuba, ibitoro, amazi, ibifungurwa, ivyatumye ibitaro bidashobora gufasha abarwayi bavyo. Vyabaye ngombwa ko ava muri Al-Shifa gatoye imbere y'uko umukwabu w'abasirikare ba Israel uhashika, umukwabu ingabo za Israel zise ko ari igikorwa ca gisirikare catota umuhari Hamas.
Al-Saqqa yavukiye muri Arabia Saudite, ariko yimukira mu karere ka Gaza mu 2010, Yize ishure rya kaminuza ry'ubuganga muri Islamic University muri Gaza, aja kunonosora ubuhinga bwo kubaga muri kaminuza ya Queen Mary London. Ubu ntakiri umugore w'umuhinga mu kubaga umwe rudende muri Gaza, kuko hari abandi bageze ikirenge mu ciwe.
Bayang, Ubushinwa
Umwanditsi atangaza inkuru ku munsi ku munsi, agaharanira iterambere rirama.
Kuva mu 2018, Bayang yagumye yandika buri munsi ibijanye n'ibinyabuzima, akurikirana ubwoko bw'ivyo binyabuzima bitandukanye n'amasoko y'amazi, akandika uko ikirere cifashe, ari nako yitegereza n'ibimera.
Asanzwe aba mu Bushinwa, mu ntara ya Qinghai, ifise igice kinini ku musozi ya Tibet, ahasanzwe hamaze kuboneka ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, nko kwiyongera kw'ubushuhe, gushonga kw'ibitandara vy'amazi no kwiyongera kw'ubugaragwa.
Bayang ari mu runani rw'abagore baharanira ibidukikije rwa Sanjiangyuan, aho akora ubuvugizi ku bijanye n'amagara hamwe n'iterambere rirama mu kibano ciwe.
Yaronse ubumenyi bwo gukora ibikoresho bitonona ibidukiije, birimwo amavuta yo kubombeka umunwa, amasabuni n'amasakoshi, mu nzira yo gukingira amasoko y'amazi no guha abandi akarorero mu guharanira gukingira ibidukikije.
Susan Chomba, Kenya
Umuhinga mu bumenyi 'bwa Sciences'
Susan Chomba ni umuyobozi w'ikigo 'World Resources Institute', akavuga ko ubukene yaciyemwo nk'umwana mu karere ka Kirinya ko hagati na hagati mu gihugu ca Kenya, bimuha ishaka ryo gufasha abandi kunagura ubuzima.
Ikimuraje ishinga ahanini ni ugukingira amashamba, kunagura isi n'ibiriko no guhindura uburyo Afrika yihaza mu bifungurwa.
Kuva ku mashamba yo mu karere k'ikiyaya ca Congo kugeza mu burengero mu bugaragwa bwa Sahel, ndetse no mu buseruko bwa Afrika, Chomba amara igihe akorana n'abarimyi bato bato, cane cane abagore n'abakiri bato, abafasha kuvyaza umusaruro mwiza ubutaka.
Asangiza ubuhinga bwiwe ama leta n'abari mu bushakashatsi bwo kwubaka iterambere rirama mu bihe iingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe zikomeza kwiyongera.
Ngira ingorane zo kubona abategetsi b'isi ataco bakora, cane cane abo mu bihugu bikoresha inguvu zirekurira mu kirere imyuka myinshi yonona igisenge gikingira isi, bafise n'ubutunzi bubaha ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu, ariko bakagotwa n'amafaranga ububasha na politike. Kugirango nshobore kuvyihanganira, mpungira mu bikorwa vyo ku rubuga, nkorana n'abagore n'abakiri bato hirya no hino muri Afrika, ku bijanye no gukingira isi n'ibinyabuzima ndetse no kubinagura, guhindura uburyo bwo kurwiza ibifungurwa no guhindura imigambi bijana.
Susan Chomba
Leanne Cullen-Unsworth, Ubwongereza
Umuhinga mu bumenyi bw'ibiba mu mazi
Ibinyabuzima vyo mu mazi nk'urubobi, birazwi ko bifasha gose kubika umwuka wa carbon, bikanabera ivyari amafi ahata amagi, ariko ibinyabuzima nka benivyo mu mazi biriko biratituka.
Leanne Cullen - Unsworth ni umwe mu bashinze kandi akaba ari nawe muyobozi mukuru w'ikigo 'Project Seagrass', ikigo ca mbere mu Bwongereza cishinze gusubiriza ubwo bwatsi bwo mu mazi bw'urubobi ku rugero ruboneka.
Uwo mugambi worohereza ico gikorwa mu gukoresha ama 'robot' mu guteragira imbuto z'ayo marebe, bigashobora guha umushinge n'ibindi bihugu vyoba vyifuza gusubiriza ibinyabuzima vyo munsi y'amazi.
Uyu muhinga mu bumenyi butandukanye afise imyaka 20 y'ubunararibonye mu bushakashatsi bw'ibiba mu mazi. Cullen-Unsworth yahariye kandi ubuzima bwiwe, igikorwa co kubungabunga no gusubiriza ibidukikije gishingiye ku bumenyi.
Hari vyinshi vyo gukora ku buryo bigoye ko umuntu ashika ku musaruro uboneka yikoranye wenyene, ariko abantu bariko bakorera hamwe, bagasangira ubumenyi. Ku ruhara ruto rwanje, ndazi ko dushobora kuvyura ubuzima mu gace gato, tukahakingira, tukahanagura kubwo inyungu zotandukanye hazanira isi n'abayituye.
Leanne Cullen-Unsworth
Canan Dagdeviren, Turukiya
Umuhinga mu bumenyi no gukora ibisha
Uyu mwigisha muri kaminuza ya Massachussetts mu gisata c'ubuhinga bwa none (Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT) muri leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Canan Dagdeviren aherutse gutora ubuhinga bushasha bwo gupima cancer y'ibere itaragaragara cane ku murwayi, bwifashisha kumwambika akantu gafata amajwi ku mubiri.
Iciyumviro yagikuye kuri inasenge/nyinabo yatowe cancer yo mw' ibere igeze kure cane, afise imyaka 49, n'ubwo yakomeje kwisuzumisha ku gihe kandi incuro zikwiye. Yaciye yitaba Imana inyuma y'amezi atandatu.
Aho yari iruhande y'uwo muvyeyi w'incuti yiwe yari ku musego, Dagdeviren yatanguye gushira hamwe ivyiyumviro ku mugambi wo gukora akuma kokwifashishwa bagashize mu gahuzu ko munsi bambika amabere (soutien-gorge) ukanashiraho ibihe vyegeranye gusumba vyo kwisuzumisha ku bantu bageramiwe na cancer yo mw'ibere kurusha abandi. Ubwo buhinga bushobora kurokora ubuzima bwabantu baharugwa mu ma miliyoni.
Izabela Dluzyk, Pologne
Umuhinga mu gufata amajwi
Izabela Dluzyk, n'akuma kiwe gafata amajwi mu ntoke, aja gufata amajwi yose adasanzwe yo muri Bialoweiza, rimwe mu mashamba meza kandi ya kera yo muri Pologne.
Uyu mukusanyamajwi ntasanzwe, bidaturutse gusa ku kubona ari umugore akiri muto, ahubwo no kuba ari mu mwuga usa n'uwiharijwe nabagabo, ariko kandi kubera yavukanye ubumuga bwo kutabona.
Dluzyk yamenyereye kwumva mu buryo budasazwe amajwi y'inyoni ziririmba kuva umuryango wiwe bamuhaye akuma gafata amajwi agifise imyaka 12, ivyatumye ashobora kumenya neza ubwoko bw'inyoni yumvirije amajwi yazo gusa.
Avuga ko abifata nk'amahigwe adasanzwe gushobora gusangira ivyiza vyose, ubwiza no kugubwa neza bituruka ku majwi karemano y'ibidukikije, ata kwitaho ubudasa bushoboka dushobora kwibaza buri hagati yacu.
Marcela Femandez, Colombia
Ayobora ingenzi
Ibitandara vy'amazi vyo mu mataba yitereye y'umubumbe w'isi, ni isoko ry'amazi meza ku baba muri ivyo bice, ariko muri Colombia, ariko arazimangana ku murindi wihuta cane.
Marcella Fernandez yashinze ikigo Cumbres Blancas, we na bagenzi we bahuriramwo mu gukangurira abandi ico kibazo, aho berekana ingene ku bibanza 14 vyahoramwo ibitandara vy'amazi, hasigaye 6 gusa kandi na vyo nyene bigeramiwe.
Abicishije mu bikorwa vy'abahinga bahagendera no gushira hamwe umugwi w'aburira imisozi miremire, abafata amafoto n'abandi bahinga n'abakora utugenegene, Fernandez agendereza amahinduka ahaba, akanafasha gutora uburyo bwo gukingira ivyo bitandara ngo ntibikomeze kuzimangana.
Kumwe n'uyundi mugambi wiwe 'Pazabordo' iruhande y'uwo wa mbere, agendera uturere twabayemwo indyane mu gihe c'intambara hagati y'abavukagihugu yamaze imyaka 50 muri Colombia.
Ibitandara vy'amazi vyanyigishije kwihanganira ibihe bikomeye vy'umubabaro no kubura. Iyo uvyumvise umenya ko kubibura ari ubuhombe bw'ikintu tudashobora kuzogarura, ariko turashobora gutanga intererano yacu no gusiga hari ico dushobora kwibukirwako.
Marcela Femandez
Claudia Goldin, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Umuhinga mu butunzi yatsindiye agashimwe kitiriwe Nobel
Claudia Goldin ni Umunyamerikakazi w'umuhinga muri kahise k'ubutunzi n'ubutunzi bwerekeye akazi, yatsindiye agashimwe k'ubutunzi k'uyu mwaka, kubera ibikorwa vyiwe vyerekeye abagore mu kazi no kwiga impamvu ziri inyuma y'ubusumbane bw'imishahara hagati y'abagabo n'abagore.
Abaye ubugore agira gatatu aronse ako gashimwe, kandi ni uwambere agahawe atarinze kugasangizwa n'umugabo.
Goldin ni umwigisha kw'ishirahamwe ry'ubutunzi bwa Henry Lee muri kaminuza ya Harvard, agakora ubushakashatsi ku busumbane mu mishahara, uburezi n'abimukira.
Zimwe mu nzandiko ziwe zamenyekanye cane zerekeye kahise ku bagore bafatanya ivyo akazi n'umuryango, n'ingaruka zo gufata imiti yo gutandikanya imvyaro ku kazi kabo no ku ngingo zabo zo gushinga umuryango.
Trần Gấm, Vietnam
Umurwizatunga adandaza umwuka wa 'biogas'
Mu 2012, Trần Gấm yatanguye kuzana amasoko ntanganguvu adasambura igisenge mu mihana y'abarimyi bo muri Vietnam.
Uwo mukenyezi w'abana babiri, yabonye igihengeri muri irwo rudandazwa rw'amasoko ntanganguvu, atangura kwubaka no gusanura ibibanza vya biogas muri Hanoi, mu nyuma akwiragiza biogas no mu zindi ntara zitatu zihana imbibe.
Umugambi wiwe ufasha abarimyi kugabanya amafaranga bahombera mu masoko ntanganguvu, mu guhindura amase y'ibitungwa vyabo ari inka canke ingurube, amarebe yo mu mazi n'iyindi micafu, bigacika biogas, isoko rirusha kure n'iyo ubwiza ayandi masoko akomoka kuri peterori mu kurama, iyo gas igashobora gukoreshwa mu gukinjika n'ibindi bikorwa vyo mu rugo.
Ibikorwa nka benivyo vya Trần biratuma mu kibano bahaguruka, n'abanyapolitike bakabishigikira mu ntumbero yo kugabanya ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Dutegerezwa kubaho kandi tukabaho neza, rero nagerageje kwigwanako no gukingira abanje mu kubungabunga amagara yacu biciye mu gukora imyimenyerezo, gufungura neza no gusinzira ku gihe. Ndahimiriza kandi abantu gufungura infungurwa zitahinduriwe kamere, bonyene birimire imboga n'ivyamwa, nkabahamagarira kwirinda gukoresha imiti mvaruganda yica udukoko ku biterwa.
Trần Gấm
Anna Huttunen, Finland
Bitumwako mw'ikoreshwa ry'ubuhinga ku ngaruka za Carbone
Anna Huttunen aharanira ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwo kwiyunguruza butonona ikirere, busukuye, kandi butuma abantu biyunguruza vyoroshe mu muji wa Lahti muri Finland, umuji wataziriwe umugwa mukuru wa Bulaya mu kwubahiriza ibidukikije mu 2021 (European Green Capital 2021).
Niwe ayoboye umugwi wo muri uwo muji watanguje uburyo bwa mbere mw'isi, bufasha abantu kuronka amanota (carbon credits) afatiye kw'ikoreshwa ry'uburyo bwo kwiyunguruza butarekura imyuka yonona igisengene gikingira isi ubushuhe, nko gukoresha amakinga canke imodokari zunguruza abantu benshi icarimwe.
Ni umuhanuzi mu kigo 'NetZeroCities', gifasha gushiraho mu miji, uburyo butuma urugero rw'imyuka irekurirwa mu kirere rugabanuka, ku buryo mu 2030, ruzoba rungana n'iyishobora kuzimangana.
Huttunen afise intumbero yo gutuma abandi baryoherwa no gukoresha uburyo bwo kwiyunguruza burama, kandi akunda gukangurira abandi gukoresha amakinga, uburyo afata nka kazoza ko kwiyunguruza mu miji.
Imiji yo hirya no hino kw'isi yuvuze abantu b'igitangaza bakora mu nzira yo gufasha mu gushiraho ubuzima bw'abanyagihugu bwubakiye ku birama. Terera uruhara rwawe ku bikwerekeye, nawe ugire uruhara muri ayo mahinduka.
Anna Huttunen
Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka, Uganda
Umuganga w'ibitungwa
Nk'umuganga w'ibitungwa yabironkeye udushimwe muri Uganda akaba n'umwe mu bafasha kubungabunga ibinyabuzima, Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka aharanira kurokora inguge zo mu misozi miremire (Mountain gorillas) zo muri ico gihugu, uruhongore rwazo rw'ishamba cimeza rutera ruyoyoka kubera ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Niwe yashinze kandi akaba anayoboye 'Conservation Through Public Health', ikigo cigenga gifasha kubungabunga ibinyabuzima, aho abanyagihugu, inguge zo mu misozi n'izindi nyamanswa bishobora kubana, ari nakwo ikibanza ca kimwe cose muri ivyo binyabuzima ndetse n'amagara yavyo, bibungwabungwa.
Inyuma y'imyaka igera ku 30, yarafashije gutuma igitigiri c' ingunge zo mu misozi ciyongera, kiva ku 300 kija ku 500, bituma ziva mu mugwi w'ibinyabuzima bigeramiwe cane zo kuzimangana, zija mu mugwi w'ibigeramiwe no guhona.
Kalema -Zikusoa, yagenywe n'umugambi w'ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ONU ujejwe gukingira ibidukikije nk'imboneza iza imbere mu kubungabunga isi n'ivyayo mu 2021.
Ikimpa icizere mu kibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, n'uko bitera vyemerwa na benshi ko ari ikibazo gikwiye kwitabwaho mu maguru masha. Hari ubuhinga bushasha bwofasha kugabanya imyuka canke guhangana n'ingaruka z'ico kibazo.
Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka
Sonia Kastner, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika
Yatoye uburyo bwo gusuzuma imiriro ya nyakanga
Umwaka wa 2023 wabayemwo imiriro ya nyakanga ikomeye kw'isi. Haraho abajejwe kuyirwanya bibagoye guhangana n'ubukomezi bwayo n'umuvuduko w'imbeya. Sonia Kastner yatoye uburyo bufasha gusuzuma iyo miriro itararandagata.
Pano AI' ni uburyo bukoresha ubwenge bw'ubukorano, mu ntumbero yo kwitegura gutabara imiriro itarakwiragira, biciye mu kwitegereza amasanamu y'imero y'akarere, bigatuma aho umuriro ushobora gutera werekeza hamenyekana hakiri kare, abajejwe kuzimya bagatabazwa kare, aho kurindira ko abanyagihugu batabaza.
Kastner yabanje kumara imyaka icumi akora ku yindi migambi y'ubuhinga bwa none.
Ikimpa icizere n'ubushobozi butanganje bwa kiremwa muntu bwo gutora ibishasha. Nariboneye n'amaso yanje ubushobozi buri mw'ikoreshwa ry'ubuhinga no gutora inyishu zifatiye ku vyavuye mu biharuro vy'igendereza, mu nzira yo gufasha gukinga ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Sonia Kastner
Neha Mankani, Pakistan
Umwakirizi
Igihe imyuzure yakora ibara muri Pakistan mu mwaka uheze (2022), umwakirizi w'abavyeyi Neha Mankan yagenze mu turere twahuye n'iyo myuzuri gutanga intererano y'ubumenyi bwiwe mu gufasha abaho.
Abicishije mw'ishirahamwe ryiwe 'Mama Baby Fund', Mankani n'umugwi wiwe bagiye baratanga ibikoresho vya nkenerwa mu kwakira abavyeyi, banafasha n'imiryango irenga 15.000 yahuye n'imyuzure.
Mu bikorwa vyiwe yibanda ahanini ku batagira uburyo, ahakeneye ubutabazi bwihuta, n'ahahuye n'ibibazo vy' ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Ishirahamwe 'Mama Baby Fund' rimaze kwegeranya amafranga akwiye kugirango bashireho ubwato bukoreshwa nka rusehabaniha (ambulance) buzofasha gutwara abavyeyi bafise imbanyi baba ku nkengera z'ikiyaga, bakeneye gushikanwa vyihuta ku bitaro n'amavuriro.
Ibikorwa vy'abakirizi mu kibano ahari ibibazo bihagaze kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, ni nkenerwa cane. Turi ba bitumwako mu gutabara tukaba no mu baharanira kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ibihe, tugategerezwa kumenya neza ko abagore bose bakomeza kuronka ubufasha bakeneye mu bijanye n'amagara yabo y'irondoka, no mu gihe bibungenze, n'inyuma yo kwibaruka, n'aho aho baba ibintu bibaye bigoye.
Neha Mankani
Wanjira Mathal, Kenya
Umuhanuzi mu bidukikije
Imboneza y'umuyobozi ku rwego rw'umugabane, Wanjira Mathal amaze imyaka irenga 20 aharanira amahinduka mu kibano no ku kubungabunga ibidukikije.
Yayoboye umuhari 'Green belt', urunani ruharanira kuronsa ubushobozi abagore bo mu nzego zo hasi biciye mu gutera ibiti, watangujwe na nyina wa Wanjira, Wangari Maathai, yatsindiye agashimwe k'amahoro kitiriwe Nobel mu 2004.
Mathai muri kino gihe, ni umuyobozi ajejwe ubufatanye hagati ya Afrika n'isi mu kigo 'World Resources Institute', akaba ari nawe arongoye ikigo cashinzwe na nyina Wangari Maathai, 'Wangari Maathia Foundation'.
Muri kino gihe akora nk'umuhanuzi ku mugabane wa Afrika mu kigo 'Bezos Earth Fund', hamwe no mu bigo 'Clean Cooking Alliance' na 'European Climate Foundation'.
Ibikorwa bigaragara bibera mu kibano, dukeneye gufata mu mugongo utwigoro dukoregwa mu kibano nk'ivyerekeye ibiti, gusubiriza amashamba amasoko ntanganguvu yisubiriza, hamwe n'ubutunzi bushobora kwisubiriza ububasha buturutse hasi mu banyagihugu bugashikira hejuru, ibi ni vyo bimpa icizere kuko bitwereka ibishoboka.
Wanjira Mathal
Isabel Farias Meyer, Chile
Avugira abagore baja mu bihe vyo guca imvyaro hatageze
Isabel Farias Meyer ntiyigeze abica n'ikanda ko ibihe vyiwe vyo kuja mu butinyanka vyahungabanye, cari ikimenyetso c'iyindi ngorane idasanzwe, ariko imbere yo gukwiza imyaka 18 bamusanganye ikibazo gisa no guca imvyaro (menopause precoce). Iki kibazo gituruka k'uguhagarika gusohora amagi kw'udusaho tw'imbuto z'irondoka z'umugore, kandi abo gishikira bangana na 1% c'abagore bakiri munsi y'imyaka 40.
Abo bagore bagira ibimenyetso nk'ivyo abageze guca imvyaro, ariko bo bakiri bato. Farias yaravuze atitangira itama kurico kibazo, yerekana ingene ubuzima bwiwe bahindutse amaze kumenya ico kibazo, aho mu ngaruka yahuye nazo harimwo izo kwononekara kw'amagufa yiwe (Osteoporose).
Uwo munyamakuru w'imyaka 30 yatanguje urunani mu karere ka Amerika yo hepfo, mu nzira yo gusangira n'abandi amakuru, kurwanya ivyiyumviro n'amajambo y'ibihuha bivugwa kuri iyi ngwara ataco bishingiyeko no guha ikibanza ababa batowe iyo ngwara biyumvamwo.
Natalie Psaila, Malta
Umuganga
Malta ifise amategeko akaze ku mugabane wa Bulaya ku bijanye no gukorora inda, kandi Natalia Psaila arafasha cane abagore bifuza amakuru n'impanuro.
Yarafashije mu gushinga ikigo 'Doctors for Choice Malta', aho aharanira amategeko agenga gukorora inda n'uburenganzira ku buhinga bwo gutandukanya imvyaro.
Psaila avuga ko uko kubuza gukorora inda mu buryo hafi ubwo aribwo bwose muri Malta, aho gukuramwo imbanyi vyemererwa gusa abagore bigaragara ko imbanyi zabo zibangamiye ubuzima bwabo,gusigura ko abagore baca bahitishamwo bagafata imiti yo gukorora inda batabifashijwemwo n'abaganga. Yashizeho igikorwa c'ubutabazi co gufasha abagore imbere, mu gihe, n'inyuma yo gukorora inda.
Yarasohoye igitabo cigisha ku bijanye n'igitsina ku bana bari hagati y'imyaka 10 na 13 , yise ' My body's Fantastic Journey', mu nzira yo gufasha abana gutegera neza irondoka rijanye n'amagara meza.
Olena Rozvadovska, Ukraine
Avugira uburenganzira bw'abana
Gufasha abana bo muri Ukraine guhangana n'ingaruka z'imvune zo mu vyiyumviro zivuye ku ntambara, niyo ntumbero Rozvadovaska yihaye. Niwe yashinze 'Voices of Children, ishirahamwe rifasha abahuye n'intambara kwongera kwiyubaka mu vyiyumviro.
Iryo shirahamwe ryatanguye nk'umugambi wo mu banyagihugu bo ku rwego rwo hasi mu 2019, imyaka ine inyuma y'aho Rozvadovska atanguriye gufasha nk'umukorerabushake hafi ya Donbas, igihe abashigikiwe n'Uburusiya batanguriye kurwanya leta ya Ukraine bashaka kwiyonkora.
Iryo shirahamwe muri kino gihe riharugwamwo abahinga mw'isuzumabwenge n'iyoborabwenge (Psychologists) bagera ku 100 bakorera mu bigo bigera kuri 14, ndetse n'umurongo wa terefone utarihwa, abantu bashobora gukoresha bahamagara iyo vyihuta. Ibi bimaze gufasha abana n'abavyeyi baharugwa mu bihubi mirongo.
Rozvadovska yagize uruhara mu kiganiro ca video 'A House Made of Splinters', ikiganiro cashitse mu mahiganwa ya Oscar, we n'umugwi wiwe bandika igitabo: 'War through the voices of Children'.
Rumaitha Al Busaidi, Oman
Umuhinga muri 'Sciences'
Women and Girls, you are Are Part of the Climate Solution', ni umutwe w'ikiganiro umushakashatsi Rumaitha Al Busaidi wo muri Oman yatanze kuri Ted Talk muri 2021, ikiganiro kimaze kurabwa n'abantu barenga umuliyoni, kikerekana uko aharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore b'abarabukazi,
Al Busaidi yanonosoye ubumenyi bwamushikanye mw'ishirahamwe ry' urwaruka (Arab Youth Council for Climate and Environement Society) kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe n'ibidukikije muri Oman.
Yarabaye umujanama mu buyobozi bwa Biden ku bijanye no gutanga infashanyo zigenewe amahanga hisunzwe ihindagurika ry'ibihe, ndetse aba n'umuhanuzi wa leta ya Greenland ku bijanye n'ubukerarugendo burama.
Niwe mugore w'umunya Oman akiri muto amaze gushika mu gace ka 'cercle polaire' kari mw'isonga ryo mu ntaba z'epfo z'umubumbe w'isi., akaba ari we yashinze urubuga 'WomeX', urubuga rufasha abagore b'abaraburekazi kwiyungura no gukarisha ubwenge ku bijanye n'ibiganiro mu rudandazwa.
Inyishu ya mbere mu nzira yo gushobora guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe n'uguha ubushobozi abagore n'abakobwa. Ububasha bafise bwo kugwiza no gukwiza ubwo bushobozi mu kibano bizotuma ivyiyumviro vy'abantu n'ishirwa mu ngiro ryavyo navyo bihinduka, ndetse n'ibikorwa mu gukingira iki kibanza twita iwacu bihinduke.
Rumaitha Al Busaidi
Sumini, Indonesia
Ajejwe amashamba
Mu ntara ya Eceh ifise amashamba akingiye muri Indonesia, ntibisanzwe kubona abagore b'indongozi.
Igihe Sumini yabona ko ikibazo nyamukuru gitera imyuzuri mu kigwati c'iwabo, ari uguhona kw'amashamba, bikagira n'uruhara kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, yigiriye inama yo kugira ico akoze akoranye n'abandi bagore bo mu kibano.
Umurwi wiwe waronse uburenganzira buturutse mu bushikiranganji bw'ibidukikije n'amashamba, bwemerera abo mu kibano ca Damaran Baru kwitaho itunganywa ry'amashamba y'ako karere, angana na hegitari 251, mu kiringo c'imyaka 35.
Ubu rero niwe muyobozi w'umugi LPHK, muri ico kigwati, ugwanya guca amashamba mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko, ukarinda m'abahigi baja gukanga ingwe zo muri Sumatra, n'ibindi bikoko vyo mw'ishamba bigeramiwe no guhona nka za Pangolins.
Kubera guhonya amashamba n'abahigi b'inyamaswa vyimonogoje muri iyi minsi, amashamba akwiye kwitabwaho kurusha ku biraba uburyo dukora muri rusangi mu kurwanya ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe. Kubungabunga amashamba nikwo kubungabunga ubuzima.
Sumini
Fabiola Trejo, Mexico
Yanonosoye ibijanye na 'Psychologie sociale'
Igihe Fabiola Trejo yatangura urugendo rwiwe mu vyo ubumenyi, harashize imyaka hafi 20, nta bushakashatsi bwariho ku bijanye n'ukuntu abagore biyumva mu bihe vy'imibonano mpuzabitsina, nk'ikibazo gishobora kugaragaza ubutungane canke akarenganyo muri sosiyete.
Igikorwa ca Trejo caciye inzira yo kwihweza ibindi bibazo bifatiye ku busumbane, amabi ashingiye ku gitsina, n'ububasha bwa politike ishingiye ku buryohe bwo mu gihe c'imibonano mpuzagitsina, akaba yifuza gushira imbere kurwanya akarenganyo bishingiye ku gitsina, ku bagore.
Avuga ko ubusumbasumbane bumwe bumwe, butuma abagore batakaza ubushobozi bwabo. Biciye mu biganiro, ubushakashatsi n'inganda zo kunagura ubumenyi n'ivyiyumviro (workshops) arafasha abantu kumenya ibijanye n' uburyohe bushingiye ku gitsina, mu gihe c'imibonano canke umuntu ari wenyene, mu nzira zituma barengera ivyo bibazo.
Ibikorwa vyiwe vyaramenyekanye muri Amerika y'ubumanuko n'ahandi bakoresha ururimi rw'igisupanyolo, aho kuvuga ku bijanye n'amagara y'umukenyezi canke ivyerekeye igitsina ari nk'ikizira.
Jennifer Uchendu, Nigeria
Akora ubuvugizi ku buzima bwo mu mutwe
Intumbero y'ikigo 'SustyVibes' kiyobowe n'urwaruka, cashinzwe na Jennifer Uchendu, n'ugushiraho uburyo burama, bushoboka kandi bushikirwa na bose bw'iterambere rirama.
Igikorwa giheruka ca Uchendu cibanze ku kwihweza ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe ku buzima bwo mu mutwe bw'Abanyafrika, cane cane abakiri bato.
Mu 2022, yatanguje umugambi yise 'The Eco-Anxiety Africa' (TEAP) ushingiye ku kumenya, kwemeza no guha ikibanza amarangamutima ashingiye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu banyafrika, biciye mu bushakashatsi, ubuvugizi no mu buvuzi bw'ingwara zo mu mutwe.
Intumbero yiwe ni ugukorana n'abantu n'amashirahamwe ashaka guhindura ivyiyumviro no gukora igikorwa kitoroshe kandi kitabangukira benshi co kwiga amarangamutima afatiye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Ngira amarangamutima cane iyo niyumviriye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe. Ndiko nimenyereza buhoro buhoro kugiriranira amahoro n'umwitwarariko mfise ko ntazokwigera nshobora gukora ibihagije, ariko nkaba nshoboye ahubwo, gukora gushika aho ubushobozi bwanje bugera. Kuja kwifatanya n'abandi mu bikorwa, kuruhuka no kubaho nyene, biramfasha kwitwara neza mu vyiyumviro vyanje n'amarangamutima bifatiye kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Jennifer Uchendu
Anamaria Font Villarroel, Venezuela
Yanonosoye ubumenyi bwa 'Physique des particules'
Uyu mushakashatsi muri 'Physique des particules', Vilarroel ni umwigisha yibanda ku buhinga bwo gusobanura amamuko y'uduce tw'ibigize isi n'ikirere muri rusange n'inguvu zibiturukamwo, mu gushwanyagura utwo duce akaduhindura ico umuntu yokwita uduhimba twirebanga turema inguvu biciye mu kunyiganyiga ubudahengeshanya (vibration)
Ubushakashatsi bwa Font bwatumye abahinga bashobora gusobanukirwa ibivugwa ku mero y'ikirere n'ibirimwo (theorie de la structure de la matiere) ndetse n'umukururano w'inguvu zaho (gravite quantique/quantum gravity), ibi bikaba ubwavyo bifasha gusobanukirwa imero y'ico twokwita ibimanga bigaragara vy'ahantu ho mu kirere (trous noirs/ black holes) n'ivyakurikiye igihe ubuzima bwa mbere bwadutse buturutse ahantu hateye nk'isase ry'umuco ryasanzaye rigatera rikura biturutse mu kwegeranya inguvu kugeza ikirere n'ibikigize bigaragaye (Big Bang).
Yari yarigeze guhabwa agashimwe ka 'Fundación Polar' muri Venezuela, uyu mwaka naho atorwa mu barondera guhabwa agashimwe k'ishirahamwe rya ONU rijejwe guteza imbere ubumenyi n'umuco UNESCO.
Qiyun Woo, Singapur
Umwanditsi w'inkuru
Qiyun Woo atanga amakuru ku bidukikije akoresheje imbuga hwaniro mu gusangiza abandi amakuru n'ivyiyumviro kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Urubuga rwiwe 'The Weird and the Wild', yaruhebeye guha uburenganzira abashaka gushikira ubumenyi kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe mu buryo bworoshe. Urwo rubuga rwibanda ku buvugizi, kwigisha no gukangurira abantu ibikorwa vyo guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Afasha kandi gutunganya no gutanga ikiganiro gikwiragizwa hifashishijwe urubuga (porogarama ya) rwa 'podcast' cibanda ku biba muri Asia y'ubumanuko bushira ubuseruko, citwa 'Climate cheesecake', mu ntumbero yo gusobanura mu buryo bworoshe ibibazo bikomeye vyerekeye ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Ari no mu gikorwa nk'urwaruka, co gutunganya ikiganiro ca Tereviziyo 'National Geographic' kimenyekanisha uturere n'ibirimwo, ndetse n'ubundi bumenyi ku bidukikije.
Ihindagurika ry'ibihe ntiryoroshe gutegera, riragora kandi riteye ubwoba. Dushobora kubikora mu bwira burimwo amazinda no kworosha ibintu, aho kugira ubwoba- ku buryo dushobora kworosha umutima mu kwitaho isi yacu, ari nakwo dukarisha ibikoresho vyacu vyo kurimbura ibitagira ico bifasha tugashiraho ibifise akamaro.
Qiyun Woo
Elham Youssefian, Leta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika/ Iran
Umuhanuzi kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe n'ibibazo vy'abagendana ubumuga.
Uyu mushingwamanza afise ubumuga bwo kutabona, Elham Youssefian, ni umuvugizi aharanira ubudahumeka guha ikibanza mu bandi, abantu bagendana ubumuga, mu gihe cose haba hitabwaho ikibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, cane cane ku bijanye no gutorera inyishu ibibazo vyihuta mu gihe c'akaga gatewe n'ingaruka z'iryo hindagurika ry'ibihe.
Youssefian yavukiye anakurira muri Iran, ahava yimukira muri Amerika mu 2016. Muri kino gihe afise uruhara rukomeye mu runani mpuzamakungu rw'abagendana ubumuga (International Disability Alliance) rugizwe n'irunani rw'amashirahamwe agera ku 1100 aserukira abagendana ubumuga.
Intego yihaye ni uguha ubumenyi bukwiye abajejwe gufata ingingo ku bijanye n'ishingano zabo mu gihe c'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe ku buzima bw'abantu bagendana ubumuga. Niwe kandi ari imbere nk'imboneza mu bandi benshi bagendana ubumuga bafise ubushobozi bwogira uruhara rukomeye mu kurwanya ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Twebwe, nk'abagendana ubumuga, twarerekanye kenshi, ubushobozi dufise bwo kurengera ibibazo bitandukanye vy'urusobangane, tugatora inyishu n'aho vyoba bisa n'aho ata nyishu n'imwe ihari. Abagendana ubumuga barashoboye kandi babwirizwa guhagarara imbere ku rugamba rwo kurwanya ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Elham Youssefian
Isekeza 'abagore100' ni iki?
BBC abagore 100, rimurika abagore 100 b'intangarugero baturuka hirya nohino kw'isi buri mwaka. Dukora ibiganiro bire bire, inkuru zigaragaza abaribo nlivyo bakora, canke tukabaha ijambo bakatuganirira ku buzima bwabo - inkuru ziha ikibanza abagore zishirwa ku ngurukanabumenyi no mu biganiro kumbuga zose za BBC.
Kurikira isekeza BBC Abagore100 ku mbuga za Instagram na Fecebook, ukorseheje intsindagirajambo #BBC100Women.
Abagore 100 batoranijwe gute?
Umugwi utegura isekeza rya BBC abagore 100, wakoze urutonde rw'amazina watoranije wisunze ayavuye mu bushakashatsi bakoze, hamwe n'ayatanzwe n'abandi banyamakuru bo mu gisata c'indimi ca BBC World Service, hamwe rero n'ishami rya BBC Media Action.
Haronderwa abantu baba baramenyekanye ku bwo ibikorwa vyabo mu mezi 12 ashize, canke baba barashitse kw'isemo yashimwe cane mu mirimo yabo, canke bagatuma hari inkuru zija ahabona, canke bakagirira akamaro mu kibano cabo mu buryo kumbure butarinze kuja mw'itangazamakuru.
Urutonde rw'amazina yatanzwe rwasuzumwe hisunzwe kandi icivugo c'uyu mwaka - Ihindagurika ry'ibihe n'ubudasa bw'urugero rw'ingaruka zaryo ku bagore n'abakobwa hirya no hino kw'isi, aho imboneza 28 ku kibazo c'ihindagurika ry'ibihe no gukingira ibidukikije zatoranijwe.
Twashizemwo amajwi atandukanye aserukira ivyiyumviro vya politike, y'abaturutse mu mpande zitandukanye za sosiyete, turaba amazina ku bibazo bitavugwako rumwe na bose, dutangaza amazina y'abagore bazanye amahinduka.
Urwo rutonde rwakozwe kandi hisunzwe kwihweza ko impande zose z'isi ziserukiwe, no kudahengama, imbere y'uko amazina yo ku rutonde ntabanduka atoranywa. Abo babore bose baremeye kuja kuri urwo rutonde.
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